Block 2 - Cardiovascular Flashcards
Heart anatomy
The wall of the heart separates into the following layers: epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.
Cardiac valves?
Cardiac pathologies?
What is Bottle 1880 Heart?
**1880 Heart: Normal heart
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This is the external appearance of a normal heart.The epicardial surface is smooth and glistening.The amount of epicardial fat is usual.The left anterior descending coronary artery extends down from the aortic root to the apex.
What is Bottle 1777 Heart?
**1777 Aortic valve: Calcific stenosis
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An aortic valve need not be bicuspid to calcify. Sometimes in older adults, a normal tricuspid aortic valve will undergo calcification, a so-called “senile calcific aortic stenosis.” Nodules of calcification are seen on the cusps here.
What is Bottle 1791 Heart?
1791 Mitral valve: Rheumatic stenosis
What is Bottle 1753 Heart?
1753 Aortic valve: Endocarditis (Pneumococcal)
This is infective endocarditis. The aortic valve demonstrates a large, irregular, reddish tan vegetation. Virulent organisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus, produce an “acute” bacterial endocarditis, while some organisms such as Streptococcus viridans group produce a “subacute” bacterial endocarditis.
What is Bottle 1789 Heart?
1789 Infective endocarditis (E. coli) of the mitral valve
What is Bottle 1786 Heart?
1786 Heart: Infective endocarditis & ruptured chordae tendineae
What is Bottle 1758 Heart?
1758 Aortic & mitral valves: Rheumatic disease
The small verrucous vegetations seen along the closure line of this mitral valve are associated with acute rheumatic fever. These warty vegetations average only a few millimeters and form along the line of valve closure over areas of endocardial inflammation. Such verrucae are too small to cause serious cardiac problems.
What is bottle 1776 Heart?
1776 Heart: Calcific aortic stenosis with concentric hypertrophy of Lt
What is Bottle 1845 Heart?
1845 Heart: Dilated congestive cardiomyopathy
This very large heart has a globoid shape because all of the chambers are dilated. It felt very flabby, and the myocardium was poorly contractile. This is an example of a cardiomyopathy. This term is used to denote conditions in which the myocardium functions poorly and the heart is large and dilated, but there is no specific histologic finding.
What pathology is this?
× Carotoid artery - plaque
What is Bottle 1816 Heart?
1816 Heart: Myocardial infarct with hemorrhagic fibrinous pericarditis
A window of adherent pericardium has been opened to reveal the surface of the heart. There are thin strands of fibrinous exudate that extend from the epicardial surface to the pericarial sac. This is typical for a fibrinous pericarditis.
What is bottle 1816 Heart?
**1816 Heart: Myocardial infarct with hemorrhagic fibrinous pericarditis
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The pericarditis here not only has fibrin, but also hemorrhage. Thus, this is called a “hemorrhagic pericarditis”. It is really just fibrinous pericarditis with hemorrhage. Without inflammation, blood in the pericardial sac would be called “hemopericardium”.
What is bottle 1909 Heart?
**1909 Heart: Myocardial infarct
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This is the left ventricular wall which has been sectioned lengthwise to reveal a large recent myocardial infarction. The center of the infarct contains necrotic muscle that appears yellow-tan. Surrounding this is a zone of red hyperemia. Remaining viable myocardium is reddish- brown.
What is bottle 1808 Heart?
1808 Heart: Myocardial infarction with papillary muscle rupture.
1830 Heart: Infarct with ventricular aneurysm
1830 Heart: Infarct with ventricular aneurysm
There has been a previous extensive transmural myocardial infarction involving the free wall of the left ventricle. Note that the thickness of the myocardial wall is normal superiorly, but inferiorly is only a thin fibrous wall. The infarction was so extensive that, after healing, the ventricular wall was replaced by a thin band of collagen, forming an aneurysm. Such an aneurysm represents non-contractile tissue that reduces stroke volume and strains the remaining myocardium. The stasis of blood in the aneurysm predisposes to mural thrombosis.
What is pathology bottle 1862 Heart?
**1862 Heart: Fibrinous pericarditis
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A window of adherent pericardium has been opened to reveal the surface of the heart. There are thin strands of fibrinous exudate that extend from the epicardial surface to the pericarial sac. This is typical for a fibrinous pericarditis.
What is bottle1898?
**1898 Aorta: Dissecting aneurysm
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There is a tear (arrow) located 7 cm above the aortic valve and proximal to the great vessels in this aorta with marked atherosclerosis. This is an aortic dissection.
What is bottle 1926?
1926 Laminated thrombus
