block 4 lecture 7

Question 1

over view of adaptive immunity?

Answer 1

innitiated in lymph nodes, colonal selection and amplification, development of response

Question 2

by which lymphatic do the dendritic cells enter?

Answer 2

afferent lymphatic

Question 3

what do stroma cells provide?

Answer 3

structure for rapid lymphocyte migration

Question 4

what to dendritic cells survey?

Answer 4

skin and tissues

Question 5

cell migration involves signalling through…?

Answer 5

integriun adn chemokine molecules

Question 6

cell migration into tissue is called…?

Answer 6

rolling

Question 7

how do T cells enter tissues?

Answer 7

it is an active process where T cell roll along vessel walls, if there is a chemotaxic signal present the lymphocytes crawl and look for a gap between two cells which they unzip and push through

Question 8

what increases the expression of integrin ligands?

Answer 8

inflammation

Question 9

MHC type 1 molecules bind to what T cells?

Answer 9

CD8 cytotoxic T cells

Question 10

MHC type 2 bind to what T cells?

Answer 10

CD4 helper T cells

Question 11

does the T cell receptor have a high or low affinity for the MHC molecule?

Answer 11

low

Question 12

what enhances T cell MHC molecule binding?

Answer 12

costimulators: CD8 and CD4

Question 13

where does lymphocyte activation occur?

Answer 13

secondary lymph nodes

Question 14

what do T cells enter lymph nodes through?

Answer 14

high endothelial vessels

Question 15

what is the interaction called when the TcR is stimulated by peptides?

Answer 15

cognate interaction

Question 16

what is interlukin 2 and what does it do?

Answer 16

it is a growth factor and allows T cells to proliferate and gain effector function

Question 17

what is a naive T cell?

Answer 17

T cell which has not yet encountered an antigen

Question 18

what is the signalling mechanism used in IL2?

Answer 18

autoendocrine

Question 19

what are cytokines?

Answer 19

released by T cells, allow communication between immune cells and non immune cells, regulate intensity, duration and type of immune response

Question 20

examples of cytokines?

Answer 20

interlukins, interferons, growth fcators, chemokines

Question 21

how do T cells know where to go?

Answer 21

homing due to integrins and chemokines

Question 22

what produces integrins/chemokines and determines type?

Answer 22

vitamin and their environments

Question 23

what is contained in the cytotoxic T cell granules? and what do they do?

Answer 23

porforin makes pores and granzymes are proteases causing apoptosis

Question 24

how go granzymes trigger a cascade of caspases?

Answer 24

cellular decondensation, DNA fragmentation, phagocytosis

Question 25

what do T helper cells make that helps macrophages kill intracellular pathogens?

Answer 25

gamma interferon and interlukin 2