block 3 lecture 3 drugs in the gut

Question 1

what is an antagonist?

Answer 1

interferes with a physiological process

Question 2

what is an agonist?

Answer 2

binds to a receptor to enhance or make something happen

Question 3

what is a peptic ulcer?

Answer 3

damage to the mucosal layer, stomach acid comes into contact with the epithelium, creating disruption to the underlying tissue

Question 4

what type of ulcer is caused by quick pain after eating?

Answer 4

stomach ulcer

Question 5

what type of ulcer is caused by delayed pain?

Answer 5

digestive tract ulcer

Question 6

symptoms of a stomach ulcer?

Answer 6

pain, bleeding, indegestion, heartburn, vomitting

Question 7

where are the secretons required by the stomach produced?

Answer 7

gastric glands

Question 8

process of HCL secretion?

Answer 8

H2 receptor are stimulated, which activates adeny cyclase to produce CAMP, this activates a protein kinase signalling cascade, the proton pump is recruited to the surface, protens are pumped into the lumen and potassium is pumped into the cell

Question 9

what does carbonic anhydrase do in the process of HCL secretion?

Answer 9

combines carbon dioxide and water to produce carbonic acid

Question 10

how are protons produced for HCL?

Answer 10

a hydrogen is removed from carbonic acid to produce bicarbonte ons

Question 11

what is the alkaline tide?

Answer 11

build up of bicarbonat ions in the blood due to HCL secretion

Question 12

what is the bacteria that causes stomach ulcers?

Answer 12

helicobacter pilori

Question 13

what is the other cause of stomach ulcers other than bacterial?

Answer 13

NSAIDs

Question 14

how do the bacteria cause peptic ulcers?

Answer 14

they induce inflammation which damages the stomach lining

Question 15

what are the pharmacological targets of stomach ulcers?

Answer 15

bacterium, prostoglandin secretion, histamine secretion, HCL secretion

Question 16

what protects proton pump inhibitors from stomach acid?

Answer 16

bicarbonate coat or prodrugs

Question 17

where do proton pump inhibitors target?

Answer 17

parietal cells

Question 18

how does aspirin work in the stomach?

Answer 18

cox produce prostoglandins which influence gastric mucous secretion

Question 19

what are the two areas which induce vomiting?

Answer 19

vomiting center and the chemoreceptor trigger zone

Question 20

is the CTZ found inside or outside the blood brain barrier?

Answer 20

no

Question 21

is the vomiting center found inside or outside the blood brain barrier?

Answer 21

yes