Block 2 Lecture 15 Flashcards
how many genes are in the human genome
20,000
how many mRNA transcripts can be made by splicing
100,000
what’s the average human proteome
1,000,000
how many genes code for membrane proteins
6,000
how many genes code for membrane proteins that are transporters
3,000
what are the 5 functions of membranes
- barrier
- localization and organization
- transport
- detection of signals
- cell to cell communication
how do barriers serve as a function of membranes
lipid bilayer prevents hydrophilic molecule from diffusing into cell
how do localization and organization contribute to being a function of membranes
many proteins are kept in place by being inserted into membranes. by providing a way to organize many separate proteins into function units the efficiency of metabolism or signaling pathways can be increased
how does transport serve as a function of membranes
maintenance of living systems requires the regulated exchange of materials between compartments
how does detection of signals serve as a function of membranes
cells must change to chaining environment. change in environment is detected by a change in chemical composition of the extracellular solution. some proteins are receptors that bind with signal molecules. when bound receptor changes shape which is detected by proteins that result in changes in cell processes that modify cell activity to maintain homeostasis
how does cell to cell communication serve as a function of membranes
direct interactions of proteins in membranes of neighboring cells coordinate activity of cells in tissues. this is done by adhesion proteins and channel proteins
what is failure to thrive (FTT)?
decelerated or arrested physical growth in children and is associated with abnormal growth and development. reason is inadequate nutrition
what qualifies FTT
less than 5th or 3rd percentile in height and/or weight
what is the general function of membranes
define and maintain the functional identifies of the working units they comprise
