Block 2

Question 1

DM vs PM. dystrophic vs mets calc

Answer 1

antiMi1 > Jo2 ab; inc ov ca, interstitial lung dz, perifasc atrophy vs anti Jo2, anti signal recognition particle. localized to dzed tissue, cell injury/nec, nml Ca2+ vs widespread to nml tissue esp lung/kid/gastric, hyperCa2+/1o PTH

Question 2

micropolyangiitis vs eos polyangiitis vs gran polyangiitis

Answer 2

purpura, no sinus; tx w/ corticosteroids or cyclophosphamide vs purpura, sinus, asthma, periph neuropathy vs sinus, nasal, otitis media, mastoiditis, mucosal ulcers, hemoptysis, hematuria/RBC casts, focal nec gran of lungs/glom/vasculitis; tx w/ corticosteroids + cyclophosphamide or ritux

Question 3

autoab for SLE vs drug induced SLE vs scleroderma vs RA

Answer 3

antidsDNA, antiSmith vs antihistone usually from hydralazine vs anticentromere (limited), antiSCL70/topoisomerase I, anti RNA pol III vs antiCCP

Question 4

Duchenne vs Becker mm dystrophy

Answer 4

XR DMD -> frameshift/del -> no dystrophin to anchor actin to a/B dystroglycan to ECM -> pseudohypertophy calves, Gower, polymyositis vs same gene butnon frameshift/del -> less severe sxs

Question 5

myotonic dystrophy

Answer 5

AD DMPK -> CTG rpts -> abnl myotonic kinase -> cataracts, balding, gonadal atrophy, can’t terminate grip

Question 6

flexors vs extensors vs abduct vs adduct vs IR vs ER mm

Answer 6

iliopsoas, rectus fem, pectineus, sartorius, TFL vs glut maxi, semis vs glut min/med vs adductor mag/long/brev vs glut min/med, TFL vs iliopsoas, glut max, piri, obturator

Question 7

which parts of sarcomere = shortened in mm ctx?

Answer 7

HIZ short (like in rigor mortis), A same

Question 8

which bones do endochondral vs mem oss? what condition can cause no endochondral oss?

Answer 8

axial, appendicular, base skull vs face, calvarium, clavicle. achondroplasia (AD FGFR3 -> no chondrocyte prolif)

Question 9

sxs of petrosis vs rickets vs malacia vs Paget vs Legg/Calve vs AVN

Answer 9

symmetric sclerosis, extramedullary hematopoiesis -> tx HCT vs rosary, craniotabes, epiphy wide, metaphys fray, hyperactive blast -> inc ALP vs penia, pseudofx vs inc hat size, dec hearing, inc ALP, chalk stick fx vs no post circumflex a vs no medial circumflex fem a

Question 10

diff you keep forgetting b/w OA vs RA

Answer 10

asymmetric, better w/ rest, osteophytes/bone spurs; tx NSAIDS, APAP, glucocorticoids, celecoxib vs >1hr, better w/ use; HLA DR4, igM ab to igG Fc; tx NSAIDS, glucocorticoids, MTX, sulfalazine, TNFa inhib, celecoxib, inflixumab but chk PPD

Question 11

polymyalgia rheumatica vs fibromyalgia

Answer 11

weak prox mm, assoc w/ giant cell/temporal arteritis; high ESR/CRP, nml CK; tx w/ low dose corticosteroids vs chronic MSK pain w/ tender points & cog disturbance; tx reg exer, TCA, SSRI

Question 12

complications of Kawasaki vs polyarteritis nodosa

Answer 12

coronary artery aneurysm, DCM vs HBV, renal microaneurysm/string of pearls, transmural inflam w/ fib nec -> tx w/ corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide

Question 13

diff you keep forgetting b/w MG vs LES

Answer 13

dec Na channels, spared reflexes, tx w/ pyridostigmine but AE DUMBBELLS; CI MgSO4 & AG vs hyporeflexia, autonomics (dry mouth, constip, impotence), improves w/ use; tx w/ guanidine -> inhib K+ channels -> inc Ach release

Question 14

ulnar n lesion leads to? micro for septic arthritis

Answer 14

medial epicondyle -> radial dev on flex wrist; hook of hamate fx from FOOSH. staph, strep; gono -> 3ad polyarthralgia, tenosynovitis, dermatitis/pustules

Question 15

Erb vs Klumpke vs thoracic outlet syndrome vs winged scapula

Answer 15

no upper trunk C5-6, lat traction to neck vs no lower trunk, upward force arm vs compressed lower trunk & subclavian in ant/mid scalenes vs SA-LT C5-7 -> can’t abduct arms

Question 16

biochem of blasts vs clast vs estrogen. causes of med vs lat epicondylitis

Answer 16

inc ALP, osteocalcin, propeptides of type I procollagen vs RANK/L, OPG vs close epiphyseal plates puberty, apop clasts/no apop blasts. rpt flex vs rpt extend