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COMLEX > Block 1 > Flashcards

Block 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Phe508 del for what dz? tx? complications?

A

CF, framshift del. chest physio, albuterol, hypertonic saline, luma/tezcaftor corrects misfold + ivacaftor opens Cl- channels, azithro. Pseudo/asper, infert, mucus, panc insuff/no ADEK/steatorrhea, inc trypsinogen newborn screen, alk/hypokal, neg transepith potential diff, mec ileus, rales, bronchitis/ectasis

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2
Q

Virchow 3ad vs Beck 3ad vs Cushing reflex vs fat emboli 3ad vs Whipple 3ad

A

in DVT -> hypercoag, stasis, endothel dmg vs in tamponade -> HOTN, JVD, muffled/distant heart sounds vs HTN, resp dep, brady vs hypoxemia, neuro, petechial rash vs insulinoma -> hypogly, sxs, resolution of plasma glu

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3
Q

how to find LR+ vs LR-. what happens when LR+ >10 vs LR- <0.1? Selection bias: Berkson vs Attrition bias

A

TP/FP vs FN/TN. highly specific vs highly sensitive. recruiting more sick pts (bedside pts) vs pts lost to f/u or diff prog

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4
Q

what stats formula = assoc w/ cross sectional study vs case ctrl vs cohort?

A

prevalence vs odds ratio vs relative risk, incidence

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5
Q

extra findings of Turner. Labs for Duchenne? Li Fraumeni?

A

horseshoe kidney, bicuspid aortic valve, coarct, aortic dissect. Inc CK & aldolase. AD TP53 tumor suppressor gene -> ca Sarcoma, Br, Leukemia, Adrenals, glio

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6
Q

buzzwords for CMV. MOA for diphtheria? Haemophilus ducreyi?

A

owl eye inclusions, intranuclear Cowdry bodies, heterophile neg mono. release alpha tox -> ADP ribosylates EF2 -> block protein synthesis; nonmotile. gram neg rod STI, painful chancroid w/ erythematous base, pustules, ulcers

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7
Q

details you keep forgetting igA defic vs IL12 defic vs SCD vs ATM vs hyper igM vs Chediak Higashi

A

tx w/ abx ppx vs AR, myco & fungal infxn vs XR, AR, RAG vs inc AFP, defect in nonhomolog end join vs XR, pyogenic, opportunistic encaps infxn vs lymphohistocytosis, periph neuropathy, giant azuro granules

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8
Q

Marfan vs homocystinuria vs EDS

A

AD FBN1 chrm 15 -> no fibrillin around elastin & sequester TGFB -> tall, arachnodactyl, pec excavatum, MVP, aortic aneurysm/rupture/dissect, pneumothorax, up lens vs AR same but thrombosis/athero, low intellect, down lens, lack B6 vs AD/R, hypermobile/extensile, Berry/aortic aneurysm easy bruising, type 5/3

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9
Q

rheumatic fever keywords

A

early mitral regurg/late mitral sten, Aschkoff giant gran, Anitschow rod nucleus, M protein like on tropo/myosin, antistreptolysin O, anti-DNAase B

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10
Q

Pleiotropy vs loss of heterozygosity vs 2x neg mutation

A

One gene encodes mult phenotypes vs if pt inherits tumor suppressor gene > wild type needs to be deleted before ca develops vs heterozygote makes nonfxnal protein that’s also prevents nml gene product from fxning

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11
Q

Gene for Angelmann. frameshift del vs inframe del

A

Paternal UBE3A silenced and mom genes also mutated/deleted. if # bp not divisible by 3 vs is divisible by 3

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12
Q

Cri du chat vs Williams syndrome

A

Congen del short arm chrm 5 -> cry cat, microcephalic, intel disability, VSD vs Congen microdel long arm chrm 7 -> elfin face, hyperCa2+, super friendly/outgoing, supravalvular aortic or renal sten; dx by FISH

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13
Q

B5&B7 defic. B3 defic? Hartnup in where? Vit E defic vs excess? vit K made by?

A

Dermatitis, enteritis, aloepecia. Dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis C3/4 collar. PCT; inc neutral aa; AR. Hemolytic anemia, degen dorsal columns & spinocerebellar tract, acanthocytosis vs infant enterocolitis. intest flora

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14
Q

cleft lip vs palate. RNA pol I vs II vs III in euks

A

medial nasal (1o) & maxillary vs 2 lateral or 1 lateral + nasal septum or 1o. make rRNA vs mRNA, microRNA, snRNA vs tRNA, 5S rRNA

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15
Q

polio vax: sabin vs salk. how to tx hepC? leptospira?

A

live atten oral, igG + A vs inactivated/killed, igG. ribavirin, IFNa, protease inhibitors. gram neg spirochete entering epiderm/mucus mem -> flu, liver/renal, conj suffusion, Weil dz; tx w/ PCNG, doxy

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16
Q

Lesch Neyhan syndrome

A

XR no HGPRT in purine salvage -> hyperuric, gout, pissed/SELF MUTIL/aggress, red/orange urine/diaper crystals, tense/dystonia; tx w/ allopurinol > febuxostat

17
Q

peroxisome problems: Zell vs Refsum vs adrenoleukodystrophy

A

AR PEX -> no peroxisome biogen -> no B[O]/a[O]/plasmalogen -> hypotonia, hepmeg, hearing loss, sz, PCKD vs AR a[O] -> branched & phytanic acid, dec phytanyl hydroxylase & peroxin 7 -> short 4th toe, night blind, atax, cataract vs XR ABCD1 -> no B[O] -> VLCFA & cerotic acid in adrenals/white matter/testes

18
Q

non vs caseating gran

A

no central nec vs TB/fungal; macs present ag & IL12 to CD4 -> Th1/IFNy -> converts macs to giant cells & epith histiocytes, macs secrete TNFa -> gran

19
Q

labile vs stable vs permanent regen capacity. Hartnup in where?

A

always regen; skin, bone marrow, bowel vs regen when you need to; liver vs can’t regen; brain, skel mm, heart. PCT; AR, inc neutral aa

20
Q

TB PPD induration markers vs how does it work?. Treg vs Th17

A

5mm for HIV, 10 mm for healthcare workers, 15mm for 15mm for everyone vs T4HS: Th1/IFNy + skin macs. CD25 vs IL17, protects from GI/mucosal infxn

21
Q

T vs B cell activation

A

bone marrow -> subcapsular CD- -> CD3+ pos sel in cortex, CD4+ OR CD8+ neg sel in medulla; APC presents ag, MHCII to TCR CD4, B7/CD80/CD86 to CD28 vs MHCII to TCR CD4, CD40 to CD40L -> igM -> class switch, affinity maturation

22
Q

rate limiting enzyme for glycolysis vs TCA. reasons for low vs intermed vs high Vd

A

PFK1 vs isocitrate dehydrogenase. lg polar, plasma albumin bound, intravasc vs big nonpolar, ECF vs small nonpolar/lipophilic, all tissues; Vd dec in liver/renal dz

23
Q

which drugs = zero order kinetics? Li Fraumeni. What type of vax is HepA?

A

phenytoin, EtOH, ASA. AD TP53 chrm 17 -> sarcoma, br, leukemia, adrenal ca. killed/inactivated

24
Q

antihistone for? Fragile X premutation vs full mutation

A

drug induced lupus (hydralazine, procainamide, INH, phenytoin). XD FMR1 -> hypermethyl cytosine -> dec expression; atax, tremor vs yep, self mutilation

25
Q

Down syndrome prenatal labs. Zn defic? disulfiram

A

inc inhibin, HCG, nuchal translucency vs dec AFP & estriol; Brushfield spots around iris. dec wound heal, immuno, gonads. inhib ald dehydrog -> hangover

26
Q

tx Kleb & salmonella? cholera? Lyme? lepto? which pathogens have latex agglut?

A

3rd gen ceph or FLQ. doxy or FLQ. doxy, amox, macrolide. PCN G, doxy. S pneu, H flu, Neisseria men, Flavivirus, cryptococcus, EBV

27
Q

clinda vs chloramphenicol vs linezolid

A

no 50S -> tx anaerobe, acne, C perfringens, B fragilis, gardnerella, MRSA vs no 50S tx rickettsii in preg; AE gray baby, aplastic anemia vs no vanc-resist MRSA by no 50S; AE thrombocytopenia, optic & periph neuropathy

COMLEX (7 decks)

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