Block 14 - Fundamentals of Flight Flashcards
What is motion?
Movement
What are the 3 types of motion?
- Linear
- Angular
- General
Define Linear motion
When something moves in a straight line
Define Angular motion
When something moves in a circle about a point or axis of rotation
Define General motion
Combination of Linear and Angular motion
Describe Force
Something that causes a change in motion
Describe Inertia
Outside force that influences an object’s willingness to move
Describe Acceleration
Rate of change of speed or velocity of matter
Describe Speed
Rate of movement in terms of distance
Describe Velocity
Speed of an object at any given time
Explain Newton’s First Law
An object in motion will stay in motion, unless acted upon by an outside force.
Vice versa for when at rest
Explain Newton’s Second Law
Acceleration of an object is dependent on two variables: the net force acting on the object and the weight of the object
Explain Newton’s Third Law
For every action, there is an equal or opposite reaction
Explain Bernoulli’s Principle
If a fluid is met with a restriction in its flow, the fluid will move faster because of the increased pressure
What is Lift?
The force that acts in an upward direction to support the aircraft in the air.
Liftmust be greater or equal to weight if flight is to be susutained
What is Weight?
Force of gravity acting downward on the aircraft
What is Drag?
Force that tends to hold aircraft back.
Resists motion
What is Thrust?
Made by the aircraft, force that pushes the aircraft forward
What are the three axis’ on the aircraft?
- Longitudinal
- Lateral
- Vertical
Explain Longitudinal axis
Line that runs from the center of the aircraft from nose to tail
Explain Lateral axis
Line running parallel to the wings
Explain Vertical axis
Line running from the top to the bottom of the aircraft
Ailerons control what axis? Which controls what?
Longitudinal axis
Roll
Elevators control what axis? Which controls what?
Lateral axis
Pitch
Rudders control what axis? Which controls what?
Vertical axis
Yaw
What does the cyclic stick in the Helo control?
Roll / Pitch
What dose the Tail Rotor in the helo control?
Yaw
What do the Flaps do?
(Leading / Trailing Edges)
Creates extra lift
What do the Spoilers do?
“Air brakes” slows aircraft to acceptable speed to land
What do Speed Brakes do?
Creates more drag for aircraft
What do Slats do?
Movable control surfaces that assist with lateral control of aircraft
Define an Airfoil
Curved surface that assists with creating lift
Define Collective
When all blades of a Helo move together to change Angle of Attack or pitch
Define Angle of Attack (AoA)
Angle at which the airfoil or fuselage meets a flow of air
Define autorotation
Method of landing a Helo without using power
What 5 components make up the hydraulic system?
- Reservoir
- Pump
- Tubing
- Selector Valve
- Actuating Unit
What 4 components make up the landing gear?
- Shock strut assembly
- Wheel brake assembly
- Retracting and extendiing assembly
- Side struts and supports
State the safety precautions used when servicing aircraft tires
- Always approach tires from fore and aft
- When inflating, stand off to the side
- Deflate when removing from aircraft
Describe Turbojet
Projects a column of air to the rear of the aircraft to create thrust
Describe Turboshaft
Delivers power to drive something other than a propeller
Describe Turboprop
Conversion of gas-energy into mechanical power
Describe Turbofan
Same as a Turboprop, except the propeller is replaced by a duct-enclosed axial flow fan
What are the 3 types of fuel the Navy uses?
- JP-4
- JP-5
- JP-8
Characteristics of JP-4 fuel
Flame Spread Rate: 700- 800 ft/min
Flashpoint: -10 degrees F or -23 C
- Not used on ships
- Lower RPM
- Slower acceleration
Characteristics of JP-5 fuel
Flame Spread Rate: 100 ft/min
Flashpoint: 140 F of 60 C
- Used on ships
- Primary jet fuel
Characteristics of JP-8 fuel
Flame Spread Rate: 100 ft/min
Flashpoint: 100 F or 40 C
Describe the three hazards associated with jet fuel
- Fuel flames
- Vapor inhalation
- Toxic contact
What are the safety precautions and procedures associated with applying and removing external power
- Circuit breakers & switches must be in proper position in required MIMS
- Inspect power cables and cable assembly pins
- Ensure power sources is secured prior to application & removal
- When using mobile power unit, ensure it is chocked
Discuss icing’s effects on aircraft and its performance
Restricts aircraft’s ability to move
- Loss of engine power
- Loss of radio
- False indication on instruments
- Loss of brakes
State the purpose of Pitot-static
Includes unstruments that opeerate on the principle of the barometer
State the purpose of the Airspeed indicator
Displays speed of the aircraft in relation to the air it’s flying in
State the purpose of Altimeters
Shows the height of the aircraft above sea level
State the purpose of Rate-of-climb
Shows the rate at which the aircraft is climbing or descending
State the purpose of Attitude indicator
Shows the pilot the relative position of the aircraft compared to the earth’s horizon
State the purpose of turn and bank indicator
Shows the correct execution of a turn and bank
State the purpose of Navigation systems
Direct, plot, and control the course or position of the aircraft
