Block 1 Extra Stuffz

Question 1

CSF [glu] should be ___% of plasma [glu].

Answer 1

67%

Question 2

newborn defective glucose transporter Sx

Answer 2

at birth: staring, eye rolling, limb jerking, dazed

2.5mo: seizures, low CSF [glu], 3% head circ

Question 3

hypoglycorrhachia

Answer 3

low CSF [glu]

Question 4

_____ affected by AD.

Answer 4

Hippocampus (memory) affected by AD.

Question 5

MRI with contrast agent (gadolinium) detects _____.

Answer 5

BBB permeability

Question 6

Barrier permeability in hippocampus increases with ______.

Answer 6

aging and more severely in AD.

Question 7

Major 3 adhesion proteins in tight junction of BBB

Answer 7

occludin
claudin
JAM (junctional adhesion molecule)

Question 8

Two BBB membranes

Answer 8

luminal (blood side) and abluminal (brain side)

Question 9

Drewes’ favorite transporter

Answer 9

MCT1 monocarboxylate transporter 1 (transports lactate, pyruvate, acetate, butyrate, ketone bodies into brain)

Question 10

CT for

Answer 10

INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE
MASS EFFECT
quick

Question 11

MRI for

Answer 11

ISCHEMIA
DEMYELINATING DISEASES
SEIZURES
TUMOR
longer
no ionizing radiation

Question 12

Flair MRI

Answer 12

removes white CSF

Question 13

p-glycoprotein

Answer 13

12 transmembrane segments, ABC transporter
efflux transporter
luminal membrane*
pumps DRUGS out of brain

Question 14

Mdr1a/b

Answer 14

p-glycoproteins

Question 15

Other BBB paths

Answer 15

transcytosis: by receptors (insulin) or absorptive (albumin)
diapedesis: immune cell migration (adhesion, emigration)

Question 16

Trojan horse approach

Answer 16

carries things (drugs, antibodies) across the BBB membranes in unexpected ways

EG paclitaxel attaches to LRP-1, so carried across BBB unconventionally

Question 17

When is BBB established?

Answer 17

Wnt signalling pathay, first few weeks

Question 18

Choroid plexus

Answer 18

“fluffy” -Drewes
no tight junctions*
brain/CSF barrier = endothelial cells

Question 19

Transporters in blood-CSF barrier (choroid plexus)

How they make CSF

Answer 19

Na/K/2Cl (NKCC)
Na/K ATPase

carry ions to direction of CSF > makes area hyper osmotic > water flows in > makes CSF

Question 20

Furosemide

Answer 20

inhibits NKCC

Question 21

Ouabain

Answer 21

inhibits Na/K ATPase

Question 22

Acetazolamide

Answer 22

inhibits CA

Question 23

glymphatic system

Answer 23

washes toxins out of brain