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Med Term > Block 1 Chp. 10 The Eye > Flashcards

Block 1 Chp. 10 The Eye Flashcards

1
Q

aque/o

A

water

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2
Q

blephar/o

A

eyelid

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3
Q

conjunctiv/o

A

conjunctiva (to join together)

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4
Q

corne/o, kerat/o

A

cornea

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5
Q

cycl/o

A

circle; ciliary body

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6
Q

ir/o, irid/o

A

colored circle, iris

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7
Q

lacram/o, dacry/o

A

tear

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8
Q

ocul/o. ophthalm/o, opt/o

A

eye

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9
Q

phac/o, phak/o

A

lens (lentil)

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10
Q

phot/o

A

light

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11
Q

presby/o

A

old age

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12
Q

retin/o

A

retina

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13
Q

scler/o

A

hard or sclera

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14
Q

vitre/o

A

glassy

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15
Q

-opia

A

condition of vision

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16
Q

anterior chamber

A

fluid-filled space between the cornea and iris

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17
Q

aqueous humor

A

watery liquid secreted by the ciliary processes that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye and provides nourishment for the cornea, iris, and lens (humor= fluid)

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18
Q

canal of Schlemm

A

duct in the anterior chamber that carries filtered aqueous humor to the veins and bloodstream

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19
Q

choriod

A

vascular layer beneath the sclera that provides nourishment to the outer portion of the retina

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20
Q

ciliary body

A

ring of tissue behind the peipheral iris that is composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes

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21
Q

ciliary muscle

A

smooth muscle portion of the ciliary body, which contracts to assist in near vision

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22
Q

ciliary processes

A

epithelial tissue folds on the inner surface of the ciliary body that secrete aqueous humor

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23
Q

conjunctiva

A

mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball

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24
Q

cornea

A

transparent,anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to refract (bend) light to focus a visual image

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25
Q

eyelid; palpebra

A

movable, protective fold that opens and closes, covering the eye

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26
Q

fovea centralis

A

pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lutea that is the site of sharpest vision (fovea=pit)

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27
Q

fundus

A

interior surface of the eyeball, including the retina, optic disk, macula, and posterior pole (curvature at the back of the eye) (fundus=base)

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28
Q

glands of Zeis

A

oil glands surrounding the eyelashes

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29
Q

meibomian glands

A

oil glands located along the rim of the eyelids

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30
Q

iris

A

colored circle, colored part of the eye located behind the cornea that contracts and dilates to regulate light passing through the pupil

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31
Q

lacrimal gland

A

gland located in the upper outer region above the eyeball that secretes tears

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32
Q

lacrimal ducts

A

tubes that carry tears to the lacrimal sac

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33
Q

lacrimal sac

A

structure that collects tears before emptying into the nasolacrimal duct

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34
Q

lens

A

transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays on the retina

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35
Q

lens capsule

A

capsule that encloses the lens

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36
Q

macula lutea; macula

A

central region of the retina, responsible for central vision, yellow pigment provides its color (lutea=yellow)

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37
Q

nasolacrimal duct

A

passageway for tears from the lacrimal sac into the nose

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38
Q

optic disk

A

exit site of retinal nerve fibers as well as entrance point for retinal arteries and exit point for retinal veins

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39
Q

optic nerve

A

nerve responsible for carrying impulses for the sense of sight from the retina to the brain

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40
Q

posterior chamber

A

space between the back of the iris and the front of the vitreous chamber, filled with aqueous humor

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41
Q

pupil

A

black, circular opening in the center of the iris through which light passes as it enters the eye

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42
Q

retina

A

innermost layer that perceives and transmits light to the optic nerve

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43
Q

cones

A

cone-shaped cels within the retina that are color sensitive and respond to bright light

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44
Q

rods

A

rod-shaped cells within the retina that respond to dim light

45
Q

sclera

A

tough, fibrous, white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve

46
Q

trabecular meshwork

A

mesh-like structure in the anterior chamber that filters the aqueous humor as it flows into the canal of Schlemm

47
Q

vitreous

A

jelly-like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye

48
Q

asthenopia

A

eyestrain (asthenia=weak condition)

49
Q

blepharospasm

A

involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye causing uncontrolled blinking and lid squeezing

50
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

51
Q

exophthalmos, exophthalmus

A

abnormal protusion of one or both eyelids

52
Q

lacrimation

A

secretion of tears

53
Q

nystagmus

A

involuntary, rapid, oscillating movement of the eyeball (nystagmos=a nodding)

54
Q

photophobia

A

extreme sensitivity to, and discomfort from, light

55
Q

scotoma

A

blind spot in vision (skotos=darkness)

56
Q

refractive errors

A

defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye, causing an improper focus on the retina

57
Q

astigmatism

A

distorted vision caused by an oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina (stigma=point)

58
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays are focused on a point behind the retina

59
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects when light rays are focused on a point in front of the retina

60
Q

presbyopia

A

impaired vision caused by old age or loss of accommodation

61
Q

accommodation

A

ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects

62
Q

amblyopia

A

decreased vision in early life because of a functional defect that can occur as a result of strabismus, refractive errors (when one eye is more nearsighted, farsighted, or astigmatic than the other), or trauma; usually occurs in one eye; also known as lazy eye (ambly/o=dim)

63
Q

aphakia

A

absence of the lens, usually after cataract extraction

64
Q

blepharitis

A

inflammation of the eyelid

65
Q

blepharochalasis; dermatochalasis

A

baggy eyelid; overbundance and loss of skin elasticity on the upper eyelid causing a fold of skin to hang down over the edge of the eyelid when the eyes are open (chalasis= a slackening)

66
Q

blepharoptosis; ptosis

A

drooping of the eyelid; usually caused by paralysis

67
Q

chalazion

A

chronic nodular inflammation of a meibomian gland, usually the result of a blocked duct; commonly presents as a swelling on the upper or lower eyelid (chalaza= hailstone)

68
Q

cataract

A

opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision

69
Q

conjunctivitis

A

pinkeye; inflammation of the conjunctiva

70
Q

dacryoadenitis

A

inflammation of the lacrimal gland

71
Q

dacryocystitis

A

inflammation of he tear sac

72
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

disease of the retina diabetics characterized by capillary leakage, bleeding, and new vessel formation (neovascularization) leading to scarring and loss of vision

73
Q

ectropion

A

outward turning of the rim of the eyelid (tropo=turning)

74
Q

entropion

A

inward turning of the rim of the eyelid

75
Q

epiphora

A

abnormal overflow of tears caused by blockage of the lacrimal duct (epi=upon, phero=to bear)

76
Q

glaucoma

A

group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision

77
Q

hordeolum

A

sty; an acute infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid (hordeum=barley)

78
Q

iritis

A

inflammation of the iris

79
Q

keratitis

A

inflammation of the cornea

80
Q

macular degeneration

A

breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in partial or complete loss of central vision

81
Q

pseudophakia

A

an eye in which the natural lens is replaced with an artificial lens implant (pseudo=fake)

82
Q

pterygium

A

fibrous, wing-shaped growth of conjunctival tissue that extends onto the cornea, developing most commonly from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light

83
Q

retinal detachment

A

separation of the retina from the underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically

84
Q

retinitis

A

inflammation of the retina

85
Q

strabismus; heterotropia

A

a condition of eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance (strabismus=a squinting, hetero=other)

86
Q

esotropia

A

right or left eye deviated inward, toward nose (eso= inward, tropo=turning)

87
Q

exotropia

A

right or left eye deviates outward, away from nose (exo=out; tropo=turning)

88
Q

scleritis

A

inflammation of the sclera

89
Q

trichiasis

A

misdirected eyelashes that rub on the conjunctiva or cornea

90
Q

distance visual acuity

A

measure of the ability to see the details and shape of identifiable objects from a specified distance, usually from 20 feet (6 meters) normal distance visual acuity is 20/20 (6/6)

91
Q

fluorescein angiography

A

visualization and photography of retinal and choroidal vessels made as fluorescein dye, which is injected into a vein, circulates through the eye

92
Q

ophthalmoscopy

A

use of an ophthalmoscope to view the interior of the eye

93
Q

slit lamp biomicroscopy

A

use of a tabletop microscope used to examine the eye, especially the cornea, lens, fluids, and membranes

94
Q

sonography

A

use of high-frequency sound waves to detect pathology within the eye (e.g. foreign bodies and detached retina)

95
Q

tonometry

A

use of a tonometer to measure intraocular pressure, which is elevated in glaucoma

96
Q

iridotomy

A

incision into the iris (usually with a laser) to allow drainage of aqueous humor from the posterior to anterior chamber; used to treat a type of glaucoma

97
Q

keratoplasty

A

corneal transplantation; replacement of a diseased or scarred cornea with a healthy one from a matched donor

98
Q

laser surgery

A

use of a laser to make incisions or destroy tissues; used to create fluid passages or obliterate tumors, aneurysms, etc.

99
Q

laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)

A

a technique using the excimer laser to reshape the surface of the cornea to correct refractive error (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism) (smileusis=carving)

100
Q

intraocular lens (IOL) implant

A

implantation of an artificial lens to replace a defective natural lens (e.g. after cataract extraction)

101
Q

phacoemulsification

A

use of ultrasound to shatter and break up a cataract, with aspiration and removal

102
Q

scleral buckling

A

surgery to treat retinal detachment by placing a band of silicone around the sclera to cinch it toward the middle of the eye and relieve pull on the retina; often combined with other techniques to seal retinal tears (e.g. cryoretinaopexy)

103
Q

contact lens

A

small, plastic, curved disk with optical correction that fits over the cornea, used to correct refractive errors

104
Q

eye instillation

A

introduction of a medicated solution in the eye, usually administered by a drop (gt) or drops (gtt) in the affected eye or eyes

105
Q

eye irrigation

A

washing of the eye with water or other fluid (e.g.saline)

106
Q

antibiotic ophthalmic solution

A

antimicrobial agent in solution; used to treat bacterial infections (e.g. conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers)

107
Q

cycloplegic

A

agent that paralyzes the ciliary muscle and the powers of accommodation; commonly used in pediatric eye examinations

108
Q

mydriatic

A

agent that causes dilation of the pupil, used for certain eye examinations

109
Q

miotic

A

agent that causes the pupil to contract (mio=less)

Med Term (6 decks)

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