bleeds in the brain

Question 1

base of skull fracture

Answer 1

most commonly follows RTA or assault

peri orbital brusing not extending beyond the orbital margin

‘panda’ or ‘racoon eyes’

cerebral spinal fluid rhinorrhoea or otorrhea
mastoid bruising (battle sign)
haemotypanum

Ix: CT scan

Question 2

acute subdural haematoma

Answer 2

collection of blood within the subdural space (between the dura and arachonid)

acute- trauma
reduced consciousness and ipsilateral dilated and none-reacitve pupil

Ix: CT crescent- shaped haematoma

Question 3

non accidental injury

Answer 3

baby rolled - baby can roll from tummy to back at fourth months and back to front at six months (3 months cannot roll)

Question 4

extra dural haematoma

Answer 4

rugby player
unconscious- regain consciousness- lucid/drowsy

Ix: CT shows classical biconvex haematoma
manage with surgical evacuation

Question 5

subarachnoid haemorrhage

Answer 5

occipital
hit from behind
unconscious
can be spontaneous or traumatic.

CT: contusions and large amount of blood in basal cisterns