Bladder tumors

Question 1

What are two kinds of bladder cancer?

Answer 1

1. transitional cell carcinoma

2. squamous cell carcinoma

Question 2

What are the risk factors of transitional cell carcinoma?

Answer 2

1. Male
2. Smoking
3. Dyes /Rubber/ Paint chemicals

Question 3

What are the risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 3

schistosomiasis waterborne parasite infection ( e.g. Egypt)

Question 4

What are the clinical features of bladder cancer?

Answer 4

1. painless microscopic haematuria
2. recurrent UTI
3. pelvic and back pain mets

Question 5

Explain the different stages of bladder tumors?

Answer 5

T1 - superficial within the transitional epithelium only
T2 - superficial muscle layer
T3 - deep muscle layer
T4 - Adjacent organ

Question 6

Mx of T1 - superficial bladder tumors

Answer 6

1. transurethral resection of bladder tumor

2. irrigate the bladder with chemotherapy solution

Question 7

Mx of T2 >

Answer 7

1. Radical surgery - cystectomy

2. Radiotherapy - if patient is not fit for surgery