Bladder cancer Flashcards
1
Q
Most common type of bladder cancer
A
transitional cell carcinoma
2
Q
Bladder cancer carcinogen
A
Aromatic amines used in dye and rubber industries
3
Q
Bladder cancer clinical presentations
A
- Painless haematuria
- recurrent UTIs or lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)
4
Q
How is baldder cancer diagnosed
A
Cystoscopy
5
Q
Bladder cancer staging system
A
TNM staging
6
Q
Bladder cancer risk factors
A
Smoking
Increasing age
7
Q
Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Mx
A
- TURBT
- Radical cystectomy - for high risk and failed to response
8
Q
Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Mx
A
- Radical cystectomy
+
chemo
9
Q
Urinary diversion post radical cystectomy
A
- Ileal conduit: urine draining via a urostomy
- Bladder reconstruction
