Black civil rights part 2 Flashcards
how was the black vote important in the election of Roosevelt
1930s marked a shift in blacks voting republicans to democrats due to promise of new deal
REPUBLICAN LAISSEZ FAIRE POLICIES WERE OF NO USE TO CIVIL RIGHTS CAMPAIGNERS AS NO ACTION WOULD BE TAKEN
large population of black peopkle led to the e,ection Roosevelt- contributed massively to roosevelt election landslide
adantages of the new deal on black people
-they were recieving some level of relief for the first time
Separate CCC camps were set up for black Americans and many found temporary work.
appointed a ‘Black Cabinet’ to advise him on social and economic issues
-WPW was colour blind and blacks in northern cities benefitted from its relief programs
In 1934, the PWA established a quota for the hiring of black labourers based on the 1930 labour census. As a consequence a significant number of African-Americans received skilled employment on PWA projects.
The New Deal’s educational programmes taught over 1 million illiterate African-Americans to read and write.
-some policies helped e.g 1/3 of low income housing built had black tenants
what was new deals attitude towards black people
A
-new deal was supposedly coulour blind and work projects were meant to be given on merit alone
-190s shift from republican to demnocrat (helped by increased black vote)
-Roosevelt appointed few black advisors but needed support from southern democrats so did little to advance civil rights (would even restrict the no. of black workers on a project if the donor requested0
disadvantages of the new deal on black people
-authorised and legalised lower pay for black people (NRA pay scale less for them)
Discriminatory practices among relief agencies often continued at the local level, especially in the South.
black people often moved off project to make room for whites
-black farm workers sacked in their thousands during agricultural reforms
-social security provisions (e.g social security act 1935) did not apply to agricultural workers (65% of AA)
-FDR refuse/failed to adress anti lynching measurements as part of his deal
-the CCC maintained segregation
-Agricultural adjustments administration hit black namericans hard. their policies forced more than 100,000 blacks off the land in 1933 and 1934
how did new deal social security provisions effect black people
-social security provisions (e.g social security act 1935) did not apply to agricultural workers (65% of AA) or domestic workers
which new deal agency maintained segregation
CCC
how many african americans were forced off land due to new deal agricultural adjustments
-Agricultural adjustments administration hit black namericans hard. their policies forced more than 100,000 blacks off the land in 1933 and 1934
how was lower bpay for black people legalised through the new deals
-authorised and legalised lower pay for black people (NRA pay scale less for them)
what did FDR fail to address
-FDR refuse/failed to adress anti lynching measurements ass part of his deal
relied on the support of Democrat Congressmen from the South: the so-called ‘Dixiecrats’, who opposed any attempt to improve civil rights.
He did not intervene to support Bills that would have made lynching a crime.
what was african american RELATIONSHIP WITH COMMUNISTS during new deal like
A
african americans protested about treatment but had more support from communists than black civil rights organisations
SCOTTSBORO CASE communist lawyers took the case of 9 black men suppossedly raping 2 whute womeb and won (NAACP refused this case)
In 1930s birmingham, alabama there were 3,000 comunist african americans compared to 6 black NAACP members
-civil rights became associated with communism which increased hostility
communists vs naacp member 1930s Alabama
In 1930s birmingham, alabama there were 3,000 comunist african americans compared to 6 black NAACP members
how did roosevelt positively impact civil rights
issued executive order 8802 when war broke out, banning racial discrimination in defence industry
ow did black officials react to discrimination within the new deals
-black officials in gov protested
-persuaded national recovery administration to set minimum wage for black and white people at the same rate
how did AA churches help african americans during great depression
A
black church organisations set up support systems during depression….
e.g father divine, Halem (set up resteraunts and shops that sold food at lower ratesthat white run stores)
how did housewives leagues worsen position of AAs in Great Depression
A
-housewives league: ‘dont buy where you cant work’ boycotted stores who hired black employess
impact of great depression on AA’s
in some cities umeployment of blacks reaches 60 percent
positive impact of ww2 on civil rights
The number of black Americans in federal employment rose by 150,000 from 1933-45
-executive order 8802 banned discrimination in defence industry as randolph threatened march on Washington
Black Americans became senior officers for the first time.
-1942, 2% of defnce workers were black
but rose to 7% by end of war
-migration to north for munition jobs
2 million moved north and west
Unemployment of black Americans fell by 85% during the war.
-increased activism (NAACP membership rose from 50,000 to 450,000 during ww2
how did membership on NAACP change during WW2
membership rose from 50,000 to 450,000 during ww2
percentage of black defence workers ww2
1942, 2% of defnce workers were black , by 1944 it was 7%
executive order 8802
banned discrimination in defence industry
gative impact of ww2 on civil rights
-wartime migration resented and rivalry of housing resulted in harsh treatment of blacks
-1943 white people rioted as they had to work with blacks (e.g Race Riot in Detroit, 9 whites and 25 blacks died)
-POST WAR SURVEY- majority of whites still racist, supported housing segregation and thought jobs should be awarded to whites first
-industries still treated black workers badly
esult of survey for white people on AAS post WW2
A
-POST WAR SURVEY- majority of whites still racist, supported housing segregation and thought jobs should be awarded to whites first
when and what was the detroit race riot
-1943
-white people striked as they had to work with black people (e.g Race Riot in Detroit, 9 whiotes and 25 blacks died)
truman positive impact civil rights
A
-1946 set up presidents comittee on civil rights (called for equl opportunity in work and housing)
proposed a Civil Rights Bill in 1947.
-appointed black people in high profile gov jobs)
-‘to secure these rights’ examined discrimination and made suggestions fro change in report
-1947 first presidential speech (spoke to NAACP and said all americans entitled to full civil rights)
In 1948, he ordered the integration of the US armed forces. This took effect in 1950.
-COMMITTE ON GOVERNMENT COMPLIANCE 1951- ensured government contracts didnt go to racist employers
