Black Ch 4 - Nouns of Second Declension

Question 1

What is meant by “case” in Greek?

Answer 1

Determines the noun’s grammatical function in a sentence.

Question 2

The five Greek cases

Answer 2

Nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, and vocative

Question 3

describe the nominative case

Answer 3

Noun is the subject

sing: M -ος N -ον

pl: M -οι N -α

Question 4

describe the genitive case

Answer 4

Noun is the possessor

sing: M -ου N -ου

pl: M -ων N -ων

Question 5

describe the dative case

Answer 5

Noun is the indirect object (to/for)

sing: M -ῳ N -ῳ

pl: M -οις N -οις

Question 6

describe the accusative case

Answer 6

Noun is the direct object

sing: M -oν N -oν

pl: M -ους N -α

Question 7

describe the vocative case

Answer 7

Noun is person/thing addr. in command

sing: M -ε N -oν

pl: M -οι N -α

Question 8

Which cases in the 2nd declension always have the same endings across the neuter singular and across the neuter plural?

Answer 8

Nominative, Accusative, & Vocative

Question 9

Ending for 2nd decl. nominative neuter singular nouns

Answer 9

-ον

Question 10

Ending for 2nd decl. accusative neuter singular nouns

Answer 10

-ον

Question 11

Ending for 2nd decl. nominative neuter plural nouns

Answer 11

-α

Question 12

Ending for 2nd decl. accusative neuter plural nouns

Answer 12

-α

Question 13

Ending for 2nd decl. vocative neuter plural nouns

Answer 13

-α

Question 14

Ending for 2nd decl. vocative neuter singular nouns

Answer 14

-ον

Question 15

Ending for 2nd decl. dative masculine & neuter singular nouns

Answer 15

-ῳ

Question 16

Ending for 2nd decl. genitive masculine & neuter singular nouns

Answer 16

-ου

Question 17

Ending for 2nd decl. genitive masculine & neuter plural nouns

Answer 17

-ων

Question 18

Ending for 2nd decl. dative masculine & neuter plural nouns

Answer 18

-οις

Question 19

How do we remember the endings for the sing./pl. masculine nouns of 2nd declension?

Answer 19

Suine Ionisus (συινε ιωνισυς)

Question 20

feminine definite article

Answer 20

ἡ

Question 21

masculine definite article

Answer 21

ὁ

Question 22

neuter definite article

Answer 22

τό

Question 23

How is the ablatival genitive case different from the normal genitive?

Answer 23

Normal genitive expresses possession. The ablatival indicates source, such as in

“from a house”

Question 24

How is the locative dative case different from the normal dative?

Answer 24

The locative dative helps explain where, such as in

“in my car”

Question 25

How is the *instrumental dative* case different from the normal dative?

Answer 25

The *instrumental dative* helps explain **how**, or the means of occurrence, such as in “***by*** a word”

Question 26

How is the *dative of personal advantage* different from the normal dative?

Answer 26

The *dative of personal advantage* is used to show **who benefits** (or is disadvantaged), by the action, such as in “***for*** the Pharisees”

Question 27

What is the verb **εἰμί** virtually the same as?

Answer 27

An equals sign, since it equates the subject and object - because of this, the object (called the *complement* of the subject) must be in the **nominative** case, like the subject! Example: I am a ***preacher*** (I = preacher)

Question 28

What does the use of the definite article in Greek emphasize?

Answer 28

It emphasizes **particular identity**, such as saying: Jesus is **the** Messiah

Question 29

What does the _absence_ of the definite article in Greek emphasize?

Answer 29

It emphasizes **quality** or **characteristics**, such as saying: King Cyrus was **a** messiah (remember that when there is no article before the noun, a/an can be used if it seems called for in the sentence) King Cyrus was anointed by God to release his people from their captivity, showing the qualities of a messiah

Question 30

What are *coordinate conjunctions* and some examples?

Answer 30

Words used to connect parallel words or clauses, and may show relationships: “and” - connection “but” - contrast “therefore” - consequence

Question 31

What are *subordinate conjunctions* and some examples?

Answer 31

Words used to introduce clauses that are dependent upon some other clause. They may be: conditional: “if” concessive: “although" temporal: “when” causal: “because” final: “in order that” consecutive: “that”

Question 32

Some common *coordinating conjunctions* from the NT

Answer 32

**καί** - joins sentences, implies continuity **δέ** - used to introduce new/significant development of a story/argument **ἀλλά** - marks contrast between sentences, bears more semantic weight than καί/δέ

Question 33

What is meant by “**postpositive**”?

Answer 33

**Cannot stand fist in its clause/sentence**, although usually translated first in English. Example in Greek: **δέ**

Question 34

The final vowel of ἀλλά is elided before a word beginning with a vowel or diphthong. What does this mean?

Answer 34

Elided means dropped off and replaced with and apostrophe, to indicate it has been changed. Example: οὐκ ἀκούεις, ἀλλ' ἀκούω. “You do not hear, but I hear.”

Question 35

Additional uses/meanings of καί

Answer 35

In sequence: **καί…καί** → *both…and* Used adverbially, to mean “*also*” or “*even*.”

Question 36

Where do NT writers usually place the subject in a sentence?

Answer 36

**After** the verb. If placed *before* it (*fronted*), it is to give it _special emphasis_!!!

Question 37

Where are genitives usually placed in a sentence?

Answer 37

**After** their noun. If placed *before* the noun (pre-positioned), it is to give it _special emphasis_!!! normal placement: I am a servant *of God*. pre-positioned: I am *God's* servant.(emphasizing *God's*)