Black Ch 3 - VERBS: Present & Future Active Indicative Flashcards
What are the two basic Greek conjugations?
What is the first-person singular (I) primary tense suffix?
What is the second-person singular (you) primary tense suffix?
What is the third-person singular (he/she/it) primary tense suffix?
What is the first-person plural (we) primary tense suffix?
What is the second-person plural (you all) primary tense suffix?
What is the third-person plural (they) primary tense suffix?
you hear (singular)
Connecting vowel used before suffixes that begin with μ and ν
-ο- as in -ομεν
How does Greek indicate future time?
By adding a -σ to the present stem,
as in λύσει for “she will loose”
or ἀκούσω for “I will hear”
What is the future time morpheme?
The -σ infix that is equivalent in meaning to
adding “will,” such as in θεραπεύσετε
meaning “you all will heal”
When the verb stem ends in π, β, or φ, the future tense uses what?
Just ψ, instead of πσ, βσ, or φσ. Examples:
πέμψομεν (not πέμπσομεν) for “we will send”
γράψεις (not γράφσεις) for “you will write”
When the verb stem ends in κ, γ, or χ, the future tense uses what?
Just ξ, instead of κσ, γσ, or χσ. Examples:
ἄξετε (not ἄγσετε) for “you all will lead”
διδάξει (not διδάκσει) for “it will teach”
ἕξουσι (not ἕχσουσι) for “they will have”
When the verb stem ends in τ, δ, or θ, the future tense uses what?
Just σ, dropping the τ, δ, or θ. Examples:
πείσεις (not πεί_θ_σεις) for “you will trust in”
βαπτιδ- becomes βαπτίσω for “I will baptize”
The term for when the stem of a verb ends in a consonant, causing a phonological change when the future time morpheme σ is attached.
Example: πέμπ- + σω → πέμψω
amalgamation
Internal & External subjects
Examples:
θεραπεύει &
’Ιησοῦς θεραπεύει
Translated as:
he heals and Jesus heals
(respectively)
What does “allomorph” mean?
slightly different forms of a morpheme
Why is (ν) found after the suffix listing of -ουσι for the third-person plural for verb conjugations?
This is called the movable ν, a phoneme added to -ουσι , especially before a word beginning with a vowel or at the end of a sentence/clause.
(like the English use of a/an)
What is meant by the “simple present”?
The aoristic aspect of the present tense. Example:
διδάσκω translated as “I teach” as when trying to say “I teach the gospel.”
What is meant by the “progressive present”?
This is the imperfective aspect of the present tense, often found in narrative material. Example:
διδάσκω translated as “I am teaching” as when trying to say “I am teaching you the meaning of my parables…”
What is meant by the “historical present”?
Refers to when a past event is viewed with the vividness of a present occurrence; characteristic of lively narrative in general - featured especially in Mark. Example: “And a leper comes to him.” (Author may choose to depict a past action in present time.)
What is the difference in meaning between:
“βλέπεις” and “βλέπεις;”
Stating: “you see” or “you are seeing”
vs. Questioning:
“do you see?” or “are you seeing?”
How do you say “you all are” in Greek? (2nd-person plural)
ἐστέ
How do you say “she is” in Greek? (3rd-person singular)
ἐστί(ν)
How do you say “I am” in Greek? (1st-person singular)
ἐιμί
How do you say “they are” in Greek? (3rd-person plural)
εἰσί(ν)
How do you say “you are” in Greek? (2nd-person singular)
εἶ
How do you say “we are” in Greek? (1st-person plural)
ἐσμέν
What does it mean that the present tense for εἰμί is enclitic (except for εἶ)?
It means that for all forms of εἰμί except εἶ, its accent is “thrown back” onto the last syllable of the preceding word. Example: to say “the field is…” the accent goes on the last syllable of field:
δὲ ἀγρός ἐστι(ν)…
What are the allomorphs of the Greek negative adverb “not”?
οὐ, μή, οὐκ, οὐχ
Which form(s) of the Greek negative adverb “not” is/are used in all moods except the indicative mood?
μή
Which form(s) of the Greek negative adverb “not” is/are used in the indicative mood?
οὐ, οὐκ, οὐχ
When is “οὐκ” used for “not”?
In the indicative mood, when the following word begins with a vowel with a smooth breathing mark, the “κ”is added at the end.
When is “οὐχ” used for “not”?
In the indicative mood, when the following word begins with a vowel with a rough breathing mark, the “χ” is added at the end.
When is “οὐ” used for “not”?
In the indicative mood, when the following word does not begin with a vowel, this simple form of “not” is used.
When is “μή” used for “not”?
In any mood other than the indicative, this form of “not” is used.
What does it mean to “parse” a verb in Greek?
To identify tense, voice, mood, person, and number, along with the lexical (vocabulary, stem) form of the verb.
Parse “γράψεις”
future active indicative, 2nd person singular from “γράφω”
What Greek word would be used for the verb?
Peter will write…
γράψει
Greek for “we hear”
ἀκούομεν
Greek for “you all are seeing”
βλέπετε
(progressive present)
Greek for “I do not prepare”
ούχ ἑτοιμάζω
Greek for “it will not glorify”
ού δοξάσει
Parse ἔχετε
present active indicative, 2nd person plural from ἔχω
Parse ἐστί(ν)
present indicative, 3rd person singular, from εἰμί
