10th Kup White Belt - Saju Jirugi - 14 Moves.
Saju Jirugi is a four-directional punch performed both clockwise and anti-clockwise. Saju Jirugi is technically not a pattern and therefore has no meaning.
9th Kup Yellow Tag - Chon Ji - 19 Moves.
Chon Ji means literally ‘heaven and earth’. It is in the orient, interpreted as the creation of the world or the beginning of human history and therefore it is the initial pattern practiced by the beginner. This pattern has two similar parts, one to represent heaven and the other, the earth.
8th Kup Yellow Belt - Dan Gun - 21 Moves
Dan Gun is named after the holy Dan Gun, the legendary founder of Korea in the year 2333 BC.
7th Kup Green Tag - Do San - 24 Moves.
Do San is the pseudonym of the patriot Ahn Chang-Ho (1876-1938). The 24 movements of this pattern represent his entire life, which he devoted to furthering the education of Korea and its independent movement.
6th Kup Green Belt - Won Hyo - 28 Moves.
Won Hyo was the noted monk who introduced Buddhism to the Silla Dynasty in the year 686 AD.
5th Kup Blue Tag - Yul Gok - 38 Moves.
Yul Gok is the pseudonym of a great philosopher and scholar Yi I (1536-1584) nicknamed the ‘confucius of Korea’. The 38 Movements of this pattern refer to his birthplace on 38 degrees latitude and the diagram represents ‘scholar’.
4th Kup Blue Belt - Joong Gun - 32 Moves.
Joong Gun is named after the patriot Ahn Joong Gun who assassinated Hiro Bumi Ito, the first Japanese Governor General of Korea, known as the man who played the leading part in the Korea-Japan merger. There are 32 Movements in this pattern to represent Mr Ahn’s age when he was executed at Lui-Shung prison in 1910.
3rd Kup Red Tag - Toi Gye - 37 Moves.
Toi Gye is the pen name of the noted scholar Yi Hwang (16th AD), an authority on Neo-Confucianism. The 37 Movements of this pattern refer to his birthplace of 37 degrees latitude and the diagram represents ‘scholar’.
2nd Kup Red Belt - Hwa Rang - 29 Moves.
Hwa Rang is named after the Hwa Rang youth group which originated in the Silla Dynasty around 600 AD. This group eventually became the actual driving force for the unification of the three kingdoms of Korea. The 29 Movements refer to the 29th infantry division where Taekwondo developed into maturity.
1st Kup Black Tag - Choong Moo - 30 Moves.
Choong Moo was given the name to the great admiral Yi Sun Sin of the Yi Dynasty. He was reputed to have invented the first armoured battleship (Kobukson), which was the precursor to the present day submarine in 1592 AD. The reason why this pattern ends up with a left hand attack is to symbolise his regrettable death, having no chance to show his unrestrained potentiality checked by the forced reservation of his loyalty to the king.
1st Dan - Kwang Gae - 39 Moves.
Kwang Gae is named after the famous Kwang Gae T’o-Wang, the 19th King of the Koguryo Dynasty, who regained all the lost territories including the greater part of Manchuria. The diagram represents the expansion and recovery of lost territory, and the 39 movements refer to the years of his reign.
1st Dan - Po Eun - 36 Moves.
Po Eun is the pseudonym of the loyal subject Chong Mong-Chu (1400 AD) who was a famous poet, and whose poem “I would not serve a second master though I might be crucified a hundred times” is know to every Korean. He was also a pioneer in the field of physics. The diagram represents his unerring loyalty towards king and country towards the end of the Koryo Dynasty.
1st Dan - Ge Baek - 44 Moves.
Ge Baek is named after Ge Baek, a great general in the Baek Je Dynasty (660 AD). The diagram represents his severe and strict military discipline.
2nd Dan - Eui Am - 45 Moves.
Eui Am is the pseudonym ofSon Byong Hi, leader of the Korean independence movement on March 1, 1919. The 45 movements relate to his age when he changed the name of Dong Hak (Oriental Culture) to Chondo Kyo (Heavenly Way Religion) in 1905. The diagram represents his indomitable spirit displayed while dedicating himself to the prosperity of his nation.
2nd Dan - Choong Jang - 52 Moves.
Choong Jang is the pseudonym given to General Kim Duk Ryang who lived during the Yi Dynasty (15th Century). This pattern ends with a left hand attack to symbolize the tragedy of his death at 27 in prison before he was able to reach full maturity.
2nd Dan - Ko Dang - 39 Moves.
Ko Dang is the pseudonym of the patriot Cho Man Sik who dedicated his life to the independence movement and education of his people. The 39 movements signify his times of imprisonment and his birthplace on the 39th parallel.
3rd Dan - Sam il - 33 Moves.
Sam il denotes the historical date of the independence movement of Korea which began throughout the country on March 1, 1919. The 33 movements in the pattern stand for the 33 patriots who planned the movement.
3rd Dan - Yoo Sin - 68 Moves.
Yoo Sin is named after General Kim Yoo Sin, a commanding general during the Silla Dynasty, who unified the three separate kingdoms of Korea. The 68 movements refer to the last two figures of 668 AD, the year Korea was united.
3rd Dan - Choi Yong - 46 Moves.
Choi Yong is named after General Choi Yong, Premier and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces during the 14th century Koryo Dynasty. Choi Yong was greatly respected for his loyalty, patriotism and humility. He was executed by his subordinate commanders, headed by General Yi Sung Gae, who later became the first king of the Yi Dynasty.
4th Dan - Yon Gae - 49 Moves.
Yon Gae is named after a famous general during the Koguryo Dynasty, Yon Gae Somun. The 49 movements refer to the last two figures of 649 AD, the year he forced the Dang Dynasty to quit Korea after destroying nearly 300,000 Chinese troops at Ansi Sung.
4th Dan - Ul Ji - 42 Moves.
Ul Ji is named after general Ul Ji Mun Duk who successfully defended Korea against a Chinese invasion force of nearly one million soldiers led by Yang Je in 162 AD. Ul Ji employing hit and run guerilla tactics, was able to decimate a large percentage of the force. The diagram represents his surname. The 42 movements represents the author’s age when he designed the pattern.
4th Dan - Moon Moo - 61 Moves.
Moon Moo honours the 13th king of the Silla Dynasty. His body was buried near Dae Wang Am (Great King’s Rock). According to his will, the body was placed in the sea “where my soul shall forever defend my land against the Japanese”. It is said that the Sok Gul Am (Stone Cave) was built to guard his tomb. The Sok Gul Am is a fine example of the culture of the Silla Dynasty. The 61 movements in this pattern symbolize the last two figures of 661 AD, when Moon Moo came to the throne.
5th Dan - So San - 72 Moves.
So San is the pseudonym of the great monk Choi Hung Ung (1520 - 1604), during the Yi Dynasty. The 72 movements refer to his age when he organized a corps of monk soldiers with the assistance of his pupil Samung Dang. The monk soldiers helped repulse the Japanese pirates who overran most of the Korean Peninsula in 1592.
5th Dan - Se Jong - 24 Moves.
Se Jong is named after the greatest Korean king, Se Jong, who invented the Korean alphabet in 1443 AD, and was also a noted meteorologist. The diagram represents the king, while the 24 movements refer to the 24 letters of the Korean alphabet.
5th Dan - Tong il - 56 Moves.
Tong il denotes the resolution of the unification of Korea, which has been divided since 1945. The diagram symbolizes the homogenous race.
