Biostats Lesson 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Observation on 1 variable may be shown visually by putting the variable’s on 1 axis and putting the frequency on the other

A

Visual Presentation of Data

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2
Q

___ are best used to interpret the frequency distribution visually

A

Figures

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3
Q

___ wherein the no of units observed is on the y-axis while th measurements levels are on the x-axis

A

Bar graph

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4
Q

Frequency how much it occurs

Bar are usually proportional to each other

A

Histogram

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5
Q

Figure that shorthanded presents a histogram

Dot is placed at the center of the top of the bars and connected to form a polygon which better enunciates the data shape

Much more prevalent sa gitna rather than sa baba

A

Frequency Polygon

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6
Q

Basic graphs that can illustrate 1/more data sets in 1 graph

Can have 2 instance whereas sa freq poly and histogram nde pede

Starts where the data starts

A

Line graph

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7
Q

Have bath x and y axes on the arithmetic scale

A

Arithmetic Line graphs

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8
Q

Has the y-axis as a logarithmic axes

Nakacurve

A

Semilogarithmic Line Graph

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9
Q

Defined as the value usd to represent the center/middle of a st of data values

Can know average

Locates observation on a measurements

A

Central Tendency

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10
Q

Average value sum of all the observed values divided by the total no of observation

Most mathematical properties and most representatives dataset if not for outliers

A

Mean

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11
Q

Middle observation data when data has been arranged from lowest to highest (ascending order)

Rarely used to make inferential conclusions frmo but is used frequentily in healthcare and economics

A

Median

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12
Q

Most commonly observed value

has some clinical interest but seldomly used in stats

If 2/more values appear w/ the same frequency, each is a mode

A

Mode

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13
Q

Disadvatage of mode

A

a set of data may have no mode/may have more than 1 mode

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14
Q

Describes the spread of values in a given data set

Suggests how widely spread out observation are

A

Dispersion

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15
Q

Statistical measurement of the spread between no. in a data set, it measures how far each number in the set is from the mean(average) and this from every other no in the set.

A

Variance

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16
Q

Average amount of variability in dataset
Square root of variance
Tells you on ave how far each values lie from the mean

A

Standard Deviation

17
Q

Values are generally far from the mean

18
Q

Values are clustered close to the mean

19
Q

Sample population (kumbaga room 4 error)

A

Degree of Freedom

20
Q

Average deviation of a data point from the mean, median, mode

A

Mean Deviation/ mean absolute deviation

21
Q

Difference between the observed value of a data point and the expected value

22
Q

Provides the range where true value lies

A

Confidence Interval

23
Q

Values that split sorted data/probability distribution into equal parts
Q-quantile divides sorted data into q-parts

24
Q

Statistical term that describes a division of observation into 4 defined intervals based on the values of the data and how they compare to the entire set of observattion

25
Difference between the highest and lowest values
Range
26
In descriptive stats: set of data is size of the narrowest interval which contains all the data
Range
27
Difference between the 3rd and 1st quartile Mminus lang ung 3rd sa 1st quartile
Interquartile Range
28
Type of quantiles obtained adopting a subdivision into 100 groups
Percentile
29
Number denoting the position of a data point within a numberic dataset by indicating the % of the dataset w/ a lesser value
Percentile
30
Caculated by divising an ordered set of data into 100 equal parts
Percentile
31
A measure of the asymmetry of a distribution Horizontal imbalance
Skewness
32
A distribution is asymmetrical:
When its left and right side are not mirror images
33
Right skewness
Positive distribution
34
Left skewness
negative distribution
35
Zero skewness
0
36
Descriptive statistic used to help measure how data disperse between a distribution's center and tails w/ larger values indicating a data distribution may have "heavy tails" that are thickly concentrated w/ observations/are king w/ extreme observation
Kurtosis
37