Biostats Lesson 1

Question 1

Branch of stats that apply statistical methods to a wide range of topics in science

Answer 1

Biostatistics

Question 2

Topics in science

Answer 2

Biology
Medicine
Pub Health

Question 3

Fundamental discipline at the core of modern health data science, and underpins most key pub health research disciplines such as epidem and health services research

Answer 3

Biostatistics

Question 4

Study of factors that determine the occurence and distribution of dsease in a population

Answer 4

Epidemiology

Question 5

Studies the distribution and determinants of disease in a population

Answer 5

Classical Epidemiology

Question 6

Application of principles of epdeim to clinical medicine

Answer 6

Cilinical Epidemiology

Question 7

Anyone or anything that’s the focal point of the study where data and info is sourced from

One of the most important aspects of a research is defining a subject

Answer 7

Subject

Question 8

Totality of the group of subjects

Group of indiv/items which consists of all possible subj of interest

Most critical first step in research

Answer 8

Population

Question 9

Smaller set of population

Answer 9

Sample

Question 10

A subset that provides an accurate picture of the whole population

Answer 10

Representative Sample

Question 11

The data collected from a sample may not be 1:1 to the data collected from the pop but is very similar to one another

Answer 11

Sample

Question 12

If only certain members of the pop are choses systematically, this can be misinterpreted and be called as as ___

Answer 12

Biased sample

Question 13

To avoid biased sample, ____ is enacted to ensure lack of bias

Answer 13

Random sampling

Question 14

Process used in stat analysis in which a pretermined no. of observations are taken from a larger populationm

Answer 14

Sampling

Question 15

A list of subj from the populationm which is often assigned to a unique no.

Answer 15

Sampling frame

Question 16

Each type of randome sample requires a list of population known as ___

Answer 16

Sampling frame

Question 17

The strategies for chooing a random sample depend on:

Answer 17

The research question
How feasible it is to implement the randomization

Question 18

Each subject in the pop has the equal probaility / chance of being selected

Meant to be an unbiased representation of a group

However, while representative of pop, a single simple random sample may not be reflective of the true pop

Answer 18

Simple Random Sampling

Question 19

Done through a random number generator

Answer 19

Simple Random sampling

Question 20

Involves division of a pop into smaller subgroups known as ____

Answer 20

Strata

Question 21

Makes representative of the pop due to the stratification: making it less biased

Often involves more work in the beginning the process of segmenting the pop into diff subgroups or strata

Answer 21

Stratified random sampling

Question 22

Population are divided into several strata based on an ____

Answer 22

Overreaching trait

Question 23

Total sample for the study will be representative of the population as long as the number of subj are samples in each strate is proportional to the overall pop size

Answer 23

Stratified random sampling

Question 24

A method for selecting a sample from a pop in a randomized manner to minimize sampling error

Answer 24

Systematic random sampling

Question 25

Easy to conduct once the sampling frame is order and a number is selected

Prone to bias, especially if sampling frame is unarragned/ there’s similar characteristic for subjects every 5th order

Answer 25

Systematic random sampling

Question 26

____ will also e selected which starts the chain of intervals/systematic selection

Answer 26

Random starting point

Question 27

Variables that can take only take on positive, whole value numbers and thus are considered discrete values

Answer 27

Count Variables

Question 28

Variables that have only numerical values and have no “natural gaps” between numbers.

These are variables that are measured instead of counter and are ebst analyzed by multiplying, dividing, adding or subtracting the values.

Answer 28

Continuous Variables

Question 29

Variales whose potential measures are limited to a known certain set of calues because only a limited set of values are possible

Answer 29

Categorical Variables

Question 30

Categorical values are also known as

Answer 30

Discrete variables

Question 31

Categorical variables have three sub types

Answer 31

Ordinal
Nominal
Dichotomous

Question 32

Categorical variables that with different levels or orders that matter.

Examples include stages of cancer and birth order

Answer 32

Ordinal

Question 33

Categorical variable that can be associated to a category but the order does not matter.

Examples include taste, color, and breeds

Answer 33

Nominal

Question 34

Categorical variable that can only have two levels

Examples include yes/no, options, gender

Answer 34

Dichotomous