Biostats Lesson 1 Flashcards
Branch of stats that apply statistical methods to a wide range of topics in science
Biostatistics
Topics in science
Biology
Medicine
Pub Health
Fundamental discipline at the core of modern health data science, and underpins most key pub health research disciplines such as epidem and health services research
Biostatistics
Study of factors that determine the occurence and distribution of dsease in a population
Epidemiology
Studies the distribution and determinants of disease in a population
Classical Epidemiology
Application of principles of epdeim to clinical medicine
Cilinical Epidemiology
Anyone or anything that’s the focal point of the study where data and info is sourced from
One of the most important aspects of a research is defining a subject
Subject
Totality of the group of subjects
Group of indiv/items which consists of all possible subj of interest
Most critical first step in research
Population
Smaller set of population
Sample
A subset that provides an accurate picture of the whole population
Representative Sample
The data collected from a sample may not be 1:1 to the data collected from the pop but is very similar to one another
Sample
If only certain members of the pop are choses systematically, this can be misinterpreted and be called as as ___
Biased sample
To avoid biased sample, ____ is enacted to ensure lack of bias
Random sampling
Process used in stat analysis in which a pretermined no. of observations are taken from a larger populationm
Sampling
A list of subj from the populationm which is often assigned to a unique no.
Sampling frame
Each type of randome sample requires a list of population known as ___
Sampling frame
The strategies for chooing a random sample depend on:
The research question
How feasible it is to implement the randomization
Each subject in the pop has the equal probaility / chance of being selected
Meant to be an unbiased representation of a group
However, while representative of pop, a single simple random sample may not be reflective of the true pop
Simple Random Sampling
Done through a random number generator
Simple Random sampling
Involves division of a pop into smaller subgroups known as ____
Strata
Makes representative of the pop due to the stratification: making it less biased
Often involves more work in the beginning the process of segmenting the pop into diff subgroups or strata
Stratified random sampling
Population are divided into several strata based on an ____
Overreaching trait
Total sample for the study will be representative of the population as long as the number of subj are samples in each strate is proportional to the overall pop size
Stratified random sampling
A method for selecting a sample from a pop in a randomized manner to minimize sampling error
Systematic random sampling
Easy to conduct once the sampling frame is order and a number is selected
Prone to bias, especially if sampling frame is unarragned/ there’s similar characteristic for subjects every 5th order
Systematic random sampling
____ will also e selected which starts the chain of intervals/systematic selection
Random starting point
Variables that can take only take on positive, whole value numbers and thus are considered discrete values
Count Variables
Variables that have only numerical values and have no “natural gaps” between numbers.
These are variables that are measured instead of counter and are ebst analyzed by multiplying, dividing, adding or subtracting the values.
Continuous Variables
Variales whose potential measures are limited to a known certain set of calues because only a limited set of values are possible
Categorical Variables
Categorical values are also known as
Discrete variables
Categorical variables have three sub types
Ordinal
Nominal
Dichotomous
Categorical variables that with different levels or orders that matter.
Examples include stages of cancer and birth order
Ordinal
Categorical variable that can be associated to a category but the order does not matter.
Examples include taste, color, and breeds
Nominal
Categorical variable that can only have two levels
Examples include yes/no, options, gender
Dichotomous
