biosocial development in adolescence

Question 1

pubertal sequence girls

Answer 1

-increase production of estrogen and progesterone

• uterus grows larger
• nipples grow
• pubic hair; weight spurt
• peak height spurt
• menarche
• first ovulation
• voice lowers
• final pubic hair
• full breast

Question 2

pubertal events

Answer 2

• girls: nipple growth, peak growth spurt, widening of the hips, menarche,
• boys: growth of testes, initial pubic hair growth, growth of penis, spemarche

Question 3

pubertal hormones

Answer 3

• adrenarche and estrogen continue
• then Gonadarche kicks in
• testosterone
• estrogen

Question 4

body image

Answer 4

• Anxiety about body image contributes to unhealthy nutrition and eating habits
○ Focus on & exaggeration of imperfections
• Few adolescents are happy with their bodies

• Discrepancies between teen body & bodies shown in teen-marked media

○ 2/3 of U.S. high school girls try to lose weight
○ 1/3 think they are overweight
-1/6 are overweight or obese

Question 5

eating disorders

Answer 5

• anorexia nervosa: self-starvation
• bulimia nervosa: binge eating; then purging
• binge-eating disorder: binge eating without purging

Question 6

risk-taking and sensation seeking

Answer 6

s

Question 7

brain development

Answer 7

• Limbic system (fear, -emotional impulses, episodic memories)
○ Amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus
○ Bottom-up control increases
• Prefrontal cortex (executive functions, self-regulation)

○ Emotion regulation, (top-down control) matures into adulthood

-Adolescents are more prone to act on impulse (risk taking, abusing drugs, risky sexual behavior, over eating, etc.)

Question 8

HPA axis

Answer 8

adrenal glands –> androgens, epinephrine (adrenaline) & cortisol

Question 9

pubertal sequence boys

Answer 9

• increase production of testosterone
• testes and scrotum larger
• pubic hair appears
• penis growth
• spemarche
• peak height spurt
• peak muscle and organ
• voice lowers; visible facial hair
• final pubic hair

Question 10

HPG axis

Answer 10

Gonadal glands –> estrogens (estradiol) & androgens (testosterone)

Question 11

brain development impact (stein berg, 2005)

Answer 11

1. Adolescent brain development focused on neural circuits involved in self-regulation and perception/evaluation of risk & reward
2. Puberty-related changes in arousal & motivation precede achievement of self-regulatory competence