Biosecurity/infectious dzes/zoonoses Flashcards by Cassie Baumgarten

Activity in organic debris:
Bleach (sodium Hypochlorite)

rapidly inactivated

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Activity in organic debris:
quaternary ammonium

moderate

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Activity in organic debris:
Peroxygen/accelerated hydrogen peroxide

very good

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Activity in organic debris:
Phenols

very good

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Activity in organic debris:
alcohols

rapidly inactivated

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Activity in organic debris:
chlorhexidine

rapidly inactivated

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Activity in organic debris:
povidone iodine

rapidly inactivated

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Spectrum:
bleach (sodium hypochlorite)

broad, including non-enveloped viruses & bacterial spores. No activity against Cryptosporidium

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Spectrum:Quaternary ammonium

variable
effective: gram neg bact, enveloped viruses
variable: gram-pos bacteria
limited activity: enveloped viruses
No activity: bacterial spores or Cryptosporidium

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Spectrum: phenols

relatively broad spectrum
limited activity: nonenveloped viruses
No activity: bact spores or cryptosporidium

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Spectrum: peroxygen/accelerated hydrogen peroxide

broad spectrum
**including bact spores & nonenveloped viruses
**some activity against cryptosporidium

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Spectrum: alcohols

mod to no acvtivity against non-enveloped viruses, bact spores & Cryptosporidium

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Spectrum: chlorhexidine

moderate
limited activity: enveloped viruses
No activity: nonveloped viruses, bact spores, cryptosporidium

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Spectrum: povidone iodone

moderate
limited activity: enveloped viruses
no activity: cryptosporidium

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Bleach (sodium hypochlorite) is inactivated by

cationic soaps/detergents & sunlight

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What can be produced when bleach (sodium hypochlorite) is mixed with other chemicals?

chlorine gas

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Quaternary ammonium products are inactivated by:

anionic detergents

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Phenols: main advantage

better activity in organic debris

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Phenols are toxic to

cats & pigs

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Which type of disinfectants are a good choice for foot baths

peroxygen/accelerated hydrogen peroxide

List disinfectants that are not appropriate for environmental disinfection

-alcohols
-chlorhexidine
-povidone iodine

List zoonotic diseases that cause flu-like symptoms in humans

-brucella melitensis, brucell abortus (Brucellosis)
-Burkholderia malliei (glanders & farcy)
-Leptospira spp (variable c/s)
-Rift Valley Fever virus
-Salmonella enterica
-Francisella tularensis (Tularemia)
-vesicular stomatitis

List zoonotic diseases that cause skin lesions

Bacillus antracis (anthrax): skin papules & vesicles
Clostridium perfringens (wound infections)
Dermatophilus congolensis: pustular dequamative dermatitis
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: characteristic cellulitis with raised red lesions edema & intense pruritis
Foot and mouth disease: infection in humans is are rare
Listeria monocytogenes: papular lesions hands & arms (among other C/S)
Parapox virus (Orf, bovien papuler stomatitis): papular lesions
Ringworm (mirosporum & trichophytum): characteristic circular well-circumscribed, red lesions that are pruritic
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ulcers, pupular lesions, etc)

List zoonotic diseases that cause diarrhea in humans

Bacillus anthracis (GI form)
Campylobacter jejuni & campylobact coli– mild to fulminating or relapsing colitis
Clostridium difficle
clostridium perfringens
Cryptosporidium parvum
EHEC (e. coli, shiga toxin)
Giardia duodenalis

List zoonotic diseases of concern for immunocompromised individuals

Bordetella bronchiseptica (pneumonia & resp tract infections) Rhodococcus equi (chronic progressive granulomatous penumonia) Listeria monocytogenes (elderly & immunocompromised-meningitis)

Which zoonotic disease is liked with Guillain Barre syndrome (a complication resulting in this nervous system disorder)

CAmpylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli

List zoonotic diseases that can cause abortion in humans

Coxiella burnetti (Q fever) Listeria monocytogenes

List zoonotic diseases that can cause neurologic signs in humans

Leptospira (aseptic meningitis) Listeria monocytogenes (elderly & immunocompromised-meningitis) NIpah virus Rabies virus Rift valley fever Strep suis

Which organism is most commonly reporte din associated with outbreaks in health care associated infections & closure of large animal hospitals?

Salmonella enterica

Which disinfectants are effective against Salmonella?

all common disinfectants are effective **under optimal conditions **removal of organic material

What is a pathogen often associated with neonatal (foal) diarrhea on breeding farms?

CLostridium difficile

What is the most common zoonotic disease affecting large animal veterinary personnel?

cryptosporidosis

Because of the high prevalence of this organism in calves, they should also be considered as a source of exposure

Cryptosporidium

What is a common pathogen outbreak on breeding farms in foals, but outbreaks in veterinary clinics are rare

Equine rotavirus

Why is equine rotavirus a difficult virus to disinfect for?

because it is a noneneveloped virus, equine rotavirus should be expected ot be resistant to environmental degradation & many disinfectants commonly used in vet med

Which agents are recommended for the disinfection of equine coronavirus?

oxidizing agents-- such as accelerated hydroen peroxide

what disinfectants are effective against Bovine viral diarrhea virus & border disease virus?

all common disinfectants are effective against the viruses under optimal conditions

What disinfectants are effective against herpesviruses?

**enveloped viruses *** routine cleaning & disinfection procedures should be adequate for decontamination of surfaces

In large animals methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus have been commonly identified in

horses, veal calves & pigs

Zoonotic transmission of coxiella burnetii is commonly associated with

periparturient ruminants, especially small ruminants

Zoonosis with coxiella burnetti has serious clinical consequences in which groups of humans?

pregnant women people with valvular heart disease immunosuppressed

Coxiella burnetti is susceptible to which disinfectants?

Most disinfectants

What are diseases that may be transferred by blood products from ruminants?

bovine leukemia virus bovine viral diarrhea border disease viruses anasplasmosis

What are diseases that may be transferred by blood products from horses?

equine infectious anemia

Bovine ingesta donors should be screened for what diseases?

johnes disease (mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis) Salmonella enterica

Equine fecal donors should be screened for

Salmonella other pathogens: C. difficile, equine coronavirus fecal parasites

What are diseases that are difficult to distinguish and may resemble food and mouth disease? (which are reportable diseases)

**Reportable diseases: FMD vesicular stomatitis Rinderpest Malignant catarrhal fever Bovine viral diarrhea Bovine herpes mammillitis Bovine papular stomatitis Pesudocowpox Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

What are diseases of small ruminants that are difficult to clinically distinguish and may resemble foot and mouth disease?

**Reportable diseases FMD vesicular stomatitis malignant catarrhal fever Peste des petits ruminants Bluetongue--certain serotypes contagious ecthyma (orf) Epizootic hemorrhagic disease