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RandomSmithChapters > Biosecurity/infectious dzes/zoonoses > Flashcards

Biosecurity/infectious dzes/zoonoses Flashcards

1
Q

Activity in organic debris:
Bleach (sodium Hypochlorite)

A

rapidly inactivated

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2
Q

Activity in organic debris:
quaternary ammonium

A

moderate

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3
Q

Activity in organic debris:
Peroxygen/accelerated hydrogen peroxide

A

very good

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4
Q

Activity in organic debris:
Phenols

A

very good

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5
Q

Activity in organic debris:
alcohols

A

rapidly inactivated

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6
Q

Activity in organic debris:
chlorhexidine

A

rapidly inactivated

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7
Q

Activity in organic debris:
povidone iodine

A

rapidly inactivated

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8
Q

Spectrum:
bleach (sodium hypochlorite)

A

broad, including non-enveloped viruses & bacterial spores. No activity against Cryptosporidium

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9
Q

Spectrum:Quaternary ammonium

A

variable
effective: gram neg bact, enveloped viruses
variable: gram-pos bacteria
limited activity: enveloped viruses
No activity: bacterial spores or Cryptosporidium

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10
Q

Spectrum: phenols

A

relatively broad spectrum
limited activity: nonenveloped viruses
No activity: bact spores or cryptosporidium

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11
Q

Spectrum: peroxygen/accelerated hydrogen peroxide

A

broad spectrum
**including bact spores & nonenveloped viruses
**some activity against cryptosporidium

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12
Q

Spectrum: alcohols

A

mod to no acvtivity against non-enveloped viruses, bact spores & Cryptosporidium

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13
Q

Spectrum: chlorhexidine

A

moderate
limited activity: enveloped viruses
No activity: nonveloped viruses, bact spores, cryptosporidium

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14
Q

Spectrum: povidone iodone

A

moderate
limited activity: enveloped viruses
no activity: cryptosporidium

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15
Q

Bleach (sodium hypochlorite) is inactivated by

A

cationic soaps/detergents & sunlight

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16
Q

What can be produced when bleach (sodium hypochlorite) is mixed with other chemicals?

A

chlorine gas

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17
Q

Quaternary ammonium products are inactivated by:

A

anionic detergents

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18
Q

Phenols: main advantage

A

better activity in organic debris

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19
Q

Phenols are toxic to

A

cats & pigs

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20
Q

Which type of disinfectants are a good choice for foot baths

A

peroxygen/accelerated hydrogen peroxide

21
Q

List disinfectants that are not appropriate for environmental disinfection

A

-alcohols
-chlorhexidine
-povidone iodine

22
Q

List zoonotic diseases that cause flu-like symptoms in humans

A

-brucella melitensis, brucell abortus (Brucellosis)
-Burkholderia malliei (glanders & farcy)
-Leptospira spp (variable c/s)
-Rift Valley Fever virus
-Salmonella enterica
-Francisella tularensis (Tularemia)
-vesicular stomatitis

23
Q

List zoonotic diseases that cause skin lesions

A

Bacillus antracis (anthrax): skin papules & vesicles
Clostridium perfringens (wound infections)
Dermatophilus congolensis: pustular dequamative dermatitis
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: characteristic cellulitis with raised red lesions edema & intense pruritis
Foot and mouth disease: infection in humans is are rare
Listeria monocytogenes: papular lesions hands & arms (among other C/S)
Parapox virus (Orf, bovien papuler stomatitis): papular lesions
Ringworm (mirosporum & trichophytum): characteristic circular well-circumscribed, red lesions that are pruritic
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ulcers, pupular lesions, etc)

24
Q

List zoonotic diseases that cause diarrhea in humans

A

Bacillus anthracis (GI form)
Campylobacter jejuni & campylobact coli– mild to fulminating or relapsing colitis
Clostridium difficle
clostridium perfringens
Cryptosporidium parvum
EHEC (e. coli, shiga toxin)
Giardia duodenalis

25
Q

List zoonotic diseases of concern for immunocompromised individuals

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica (pneumonia & resp tract infections)
Rhodococcus equi (chronic progressive granulomatous penumonia)
Listeria monocytogenes (elderly & immunocompromised-meningitis)

26
Q

Which zoonotic disease is liked with Guillain Barre syndrome (a complication resulting in this nervous system disorder)

A

CAmpylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli

27
Q

List zoonotic diseases that can cause abortion in humans

A

Coxiella burnetti (Q fever)
Listeria monocytogenes

28
Q

List zoonotic diseases that can cause neurologic signs in humans

A

Leptospira (aseptic meningitis)
Listeria monocytogenes (elderly & immunocompromised-meningitis)
NIpah virus
Rabies virus
Rift valley fever
Strep suis

29
Q

Which organism is most commonly reporte din associated with outbreaks in health care associated infections & closure of large animal hospitals?

A

Salmonella enterica

30
Q

Which disinfectants are effective against Salmonella?

A

all common disinfectants are effective
**under optimal conditions
**removal of organic material

31
Q

What is a pathogen often associated with neonatal (foal) diarrhea on breeding farms?

A

CLostridium difficile

32
Q

What is the most common zoonotic disease affecting large animal veterinary personnel?

A

cryptosporidosis

33
Q

Because of the high prevalence of this organism in calves, they should also be considered as a source of exposure

A

Cryptosporidium

34
Q

What is a common pathogen outbreak on breeding farms in foals, but outbreaks in veterinary clinics are rare

A

Equine rotavirus

35
Q

Why is equine rotavirus a difficult virus to disinfect for?

A

because it is a noneneveloped virus, equine rotavirus should be expected ot be resistant to environmental degradation & many disinfectants commonly used in vet med

36
Q

Which agents are recommended for the disinfection of equine coronavirus?

A

oxidizing agents– such as accelerated hydroen peroxide

37
Q

what disinfectants are effective against Bovine viral diarrhea virus & border disease virus?

A

all common disinfectants are effective against the viruses under optimal conditions

38
Q

What disinfectants are effective against herpesviruses?

A

**enveloped viruses
*** routine cleaning & disinfection procedures should be adequate for decontamination of surfaces

39
Q

In large animals methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus have been commonly identified in

A

horses, veal calves & pigs

40
Q

Zoonotic transmission of coxiella burnetii is commonly associated with

A

periparturient ruminants, especially small ruminants

41
Q

Zoonosis with coxiella burnetti has serious clinical consequences in which groups of humans?

A

pregnant women
people with valvular heart disease
immunosuppressed

42
Q

Coxiella burnetti is susceptible to which disinfectants?

A

Most disinfectants

43
Q

What are diseases that may be transferred by blood products from ruminants?

A

bovine leukemia virus
bovine viral diarrhea
border disease viruses
anasplasmosis

44
Q

What are diseases that may be transferred by blood products from horses?

A

equine infectious anemia

45
Q

Bovine ingesta donors should be screened for what diseases?

A

johnes disease (mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis)
Salmonella enterica

46
Q

Equine fecal donors should be screened for

A

Salmonella
other pathogens: C. difficile, equine coronavirus
fecal parasites

47
Q

What are diseases that are difficult to distinguish and may resemble food and mouth disease?
(which are reportable diseases)

A

**Reportable diseases:
FMD
vesicular stomatitis
Rinderpest
Malignant catarrhal fever

Bovine viral diarrhea
Bovine herpes mammillitis
Bovine papular stomatitis
Pesudocowpox
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

48
Q

What are diseases of small ruminants that are difficult to clinically distinguish and may resemble foot and mouth disease?

A

**Reportable diseases
FMD
vesicular stomatitis
malignant catarrhal fever
Peste des petits ruminants
Bluetongue–certain serotypes

contagious ecthyma (orf)
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease

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