Biosecurity/infectious dzes/zoonoses Flashcards
Activity in organic debris:
Bleach (sodium Hypochlorite)
rapidly inactivated
Activity in organic debris:
quaternary ammonium
moderate
Activity in organic debris:
Peroxygen/accelerated hydrogen peroxide
very good
Activity in organic debris:
Phenols
very good
Activity in organic debris:
alcohols
rapidly inactivated
Activity in organic debris:
chlorhexidine
rapidly inactivated
Activity in organic debris:
povidone iodine
rapidly inactivated
Spectrum:
bleach (sodium hypochlorite)
broad, including non-enveloped viruses & bacterial spores. No activity against Cryptosporidium
Spectrum:Quaternary ammonium
variable
effective: gram neg bact, enveloped viruses
variable: gram-pos bacteria
limited activity: enveloped viruses
No activity: bacterial spores or Cryptosporidium
Spectrum: phenols
relatively broad spectrum
limited activity: nonenveloped viruses
No activity: bact spores or cryptosporidium
Spectrum: peroxygen/accelerated hydrogen peroxide
broad spectrum
**including bact spores & nonenveloped viruses
**some activity against cryptosporidium
Spectrum: alcohols
mod to no acvtivity against non-enveloped viruses, bact spores & Cryptosporidium
Spectrum: chlorhexidine
moderate
limited activity: enveloped viruses
No activity: nonveloped viruses, bact spores, cryptosporidium
Spectrum: povidone iodone
moderate
limited activity: enveloped viruses
no activity: cryptosporidium
Bleach (sodium hypochlorite) is inactivated by
cationic soaps/detergents & sunlight
What can be produced when bleach (sodium hypochlorite) is mixed with other chemicals?
chlorine gas
Quaternary ammonium products are inactivated by:
anionic detergents
Phenols: main advantage
better activity in organic debris
Phenols are toxic to
cats & pigs
Which type of disinfectants are a good choice for foot baths
peroxygen/accelerated hydrogen peroxide
List disinfectants that are not appropriate for environmental disinfection
-alcohols
-chlorhexidine
-povidone iodine
List zoonotic diseases that cause flu-like symptoms in humans
-brucella melitensis, brucell abortus (Brucellosis)
-Burkholderia malliei (glanders & farcy)
-Leptospira spp (variable c/s)
-Rift Valley Fever virus
-Salmonella enterica
-Francisella tularensis (Tularemia)
-vesicular stomatitis
List zoonotic diseases that cause skin lesions
Bacillus antracis (anthrax): skin papules & vesicles
Clostridium perfringens (wound infections)
Dermatophilus congolensis: pustular dequamative dermatitis
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: characteristic cellulitis with raised red lesions edema & intense pruritis
Foot and mouth disease: infection in humans is are rare
Listeria monocytogenes: papular lesions hands & arms (among other C/S)
Parapox virus (Orf, bovien papuler stomatitis): papular lesions
Ringworm (mirosporum & trichophytum): characteristic circular well-circumscribed, red lesions that are pruritic
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ulcers, pupular lesions, etc)
List zoonotic diseases that cause diarrhea in humans
Bacillus anthracis (GI form)
Campylobacter jejuni & campylobact coli– mild to fulminating or relapsing colitis
Clostridium difficle
clostridium perfringens
Cryptosporidium parvum
EHEC (e. coli, shiga toxin)
Giardia duodenalis
List zoonotic diseases of concern for immunocompromised individuals
Bordetella bronchiseptica (pneumonia & resp tract infections)
Rhodococcus equi (chronic progressive granulomatous penumonia)
Listeria monocytogenes (elderly & immunocompromised-meningitis)
Which zoonotic disease is liked with Guillain Barre syndrome (a complication resulting in this nervous system disorder)
CAmpylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli
List zoonotic diseases that can cause abortion in humans
Coxiella burnetti (Q fever)
Listeria monocytogenes
List zoonotic diseases that can cause neurologic signs in humans
Leptospira (aseptic meningitis)
Listeria monocytogenes (elderly & immunocompromised-meningitis)
NIpah virus
Rabies virus
Rift valley fever
Strep suis
Which organism is most commonly reporte din associated with outbreaks in health care associated infections & closure of large animal hospitals?
Salmonella enterica
Which disinfectants are effective against Salmonella?
all common disinfectants are effective
**under optimal conditions
**removal of organic material
What is a pathogen often associated with neonatal (foal) diarrhea on breeding farms?
CLostridium difficile
What is the most common zoonotic disease affecting large animal veterinary personnel?
cryptosporidosis
Because of the high prevalence of this organism in calves, they should also be considered as a source of exposure
Cryptosporidium
What is a common pathogen outbreak on breeding farms in foals, but outbreaks in veterinary clinics are rare
Equine rotavirus
Why is equine rotavirus a difficult virus to disinfect for?
because it is a noneneveloped virus, equine rotavirus should be expected ot be resistant to environmental degradation & many disinfectants commonly used in vet med
Which agents are recommended for the disinfection of equine coronavirus?
oxidizing agents– such as accelerated hydroen peroxide
what disinfectants are effective against Bovine viral diarrhea virus & border disease virus?
all common disinfectants are effective against the viruses under optimal conditions
What disinfectants are effective against herpesviruses?
**enveloped viruses
*** routine cleaning & disinfection procedures should be adequate for decontamination of surfaces
In large animals methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus have been commonly identified in
horses, veal calves & pigs
Zoonotic transmission of coxiella burnetii is commonly associated with
periparturient ruminants, especially small ruminants
Zoonosis with coxiella burnetti has serious clinical consequences in which groups of humans?
pregnant women
people with valvular heart disease
immunosuppressed
Coxiella burnetti is susceptible to which disinfectants?
Most disinfectants
What are diseases that may be transferred by blood products from ruminants?
bovine leukemia virus
bovine viral diarrhea
border disease viruses
anasplasmosis
What are diseases that may be transferred by blood products from horses?
equine infectious anemia
Bovine ingesta donors should be screened for what diseases?
johnes disease (mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis)
Salmonella enterica
Equine fecal donors should be screened for
Salmonella
other pathogens: C. difficile, equine coronavirus
fecal parasites
What are diseases that are difficult to distinguish and may resemble food and mouth disease?
(which are reportable diseases)
**Reportable diseases:
FMD
vesicular stomatitis
Rinderpest
Malignant catarrhal fever
Bovine viral diarrhea
Bovine herpes mammillitis
Bovine papular stomatitis
Pesudocowpox
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
What are diseases of small ruminants that are difficult to clinically distinguish and may resemble foot and mouth disease?
**Reportable diseases
FMD
vesicular stomatitis
malignant catarrhal fever
Peste des petits ruminants
Bluetongue–certain serotypes
contagious ecthyma (orf)
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease
