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PN Year 13 - F Block > Biopsychology: Ultradian Rhythms 2024 - 2025 > Flashcards

Biopsychology: Ultradian Rhythms 2024 - 2025 Flashcards

1
Q

KEY TERM Focus

What is meant by an ultradian rhythm?

A

A cycle that is less than 24 hours

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2
Q

Key Term Focus

What two things are biological rhythms controlled by?

These are essential key terms

A
  • Endogenous pacemakers
  • Exogenous zeitgebers

These are essential key terms

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3
Q

Key Term Focus

What is meant by an endogenous pacemaker?

A

Internal body clock

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4
Q

Key Term Focus

What is meant by exogenous zeitgebers?

A

External factors in the environment

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5
Q

Key Term Focus

What is the difference between an endogenous pacemaker and an exogenous zeitgeber?

A
  • Endogenous pacemaker = internal body clock

WHEREAS

  • Exogenous zeitgeber = external factor in environment
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6
Q

AO1 Focus

What is an example of an ultradian rhythm?

A

Stages of sleep

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7
Q

AO1 Focus

What is an example of a cycle that lasts for less than 24 hours?

A

Stages of sleep

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8
Q

AO1 Focus

A cycle that lasts less than 24 hours is known as…

A

An ultradian rhythm

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9
Q

AO1 Focus

How many stages of sleep are there?

A

5

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10
Q

AO1 Focus

What brain scanning technique is used to investigate stages of sleep?

A

EEG
(Electroencephalograph)

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11
Q

AO1 Focus

What 3 things experience change during the stages of sleep?

A
  • Brain
  • Muscles
  • Eye activity
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12
Q

AO1 Focus

How long does each stage of sleep last?

A

90 minutes

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13
Q

AO1 Focus

What type of ‘sleep’ is experienced during Stage 1 and Stage 2 of the sleep cycle?

A

Light sleep / NREM

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14
Q

AO1 Focus

What type of ‘sleep’ is experienced during Stage 3 and Stage 4 of the sleep cycle?

A

Deep sleep / NREM

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15
Q

AO1 Focus

Deep sleep is REM sleep - true or false?

A

False - ‘deep sleep’ (Stage 3 and 4) is still non-REM sleep

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16
Q

AO1 Focus

Which stage of sleep does REM occur?

A

Stage 5

17
Q

AO1 Focus

What two things characterise Stage 1 and Stage 2 sleep?

This is essential to include within essays, and explanations of the stages of the sleep cycle

A
  • A person may be easily woken
  • They show alpha brain waves

This is essential to include within essays, and explanations of the stages of the sleep cycle

18
Q

AO1 Focus

What brain waves are shown during Stage 1 and Stage 2 of sleep?

Tip: The brain waves produced go in an alphabetical order the further into the sleep cycle we go

A

Alpha

*Tip: The brain waves produced go in an alphabetical order the further into the sleep cycle we go - so we start with Alpha

19
Q

AO1 Focus

What three things characterise ‘deep sleep’?

This is essential to include within essays, and explanations of the stages of the sleep cycle

A
  • Brain shows delta waves
  • Difficult to wake someone
  • The body repairs the muscles

This is essential to include within essays, and explanations of the stages of the sleep cycle

20
Q

AO1 Focus

In Stage 3 and Stage 4, what brain waves are shown?

Tip: The brain waves produced go in an alphabetical order the further into the sleep cycle we go

A

Delta

Tip: The brain waves produced go in an alphabetical order the further into the sleep cycle we go

21
Q

AO1 Focus

What 4 things characterise Stage 5 sleep?

A
  • Body is paralysed
  • Brain activity resembles awake brain
  • Brain shows theta waves
  • The brain is repaired (neurochemicals are replenished)
22
Q

AO1 Focus

In Stage 5 sleep, what type of brain waves are shown?

Tip: The brain waves produced go in an alphabetical order the further into the sleep cycle we go

A

Theta

Tip: The brain waves produced go in an alphabetical order the further into the sleep cycle we go

23
Q

AO1 Focus

In REM sleep, what type of brain waves are shown?

A

Theta

24
Q

AO1 Focus

In NREM sleep, what type of brain waves are shown?

A

Alpha (Stage 1/2)
Delta (Stage 3/4)

25
Q

AO1 Focus

What are two exogenous zeitgebers which may affect the consistency of ultradian rythms?

This would be essential is the question asked you about the role of exogenous zeitgebers in ultradian rhythms

A
  • Exercise
  • Mental health

This would be essential is the question asked you about the role of exogenous zeitgebers in ultradian rhythms

26
Q

AO1 Focus

What are two exogenous zeitgebers which may affect the consistency of ultradian rythms?

This would be essential is the question asked you about the role of exogenous zeitgebers in ultradian rhythms

A
  • Exercise
  • Mental health

This would be essential is the question asked you about the role of exogenous zeitgebers in ultradian rhythms

27
Q

AO1 Focus

How can exercise affect the sleep cycle?

This would be essential is the question asked you about the role of exogenous zeitgebers in ultradian rhythms

A

Those who run ultra-marathons spend longer in Stage 4 sleep - repairing muscle, aiding recovery

This would be essential is the question asked you about the role of exogenous zeitgebers in ultradian rhythms

28
Q

AO1 Focus

How can mental health affect the sleep cycle?

This would be essential is the question asked you about the role of exogenous zeitgebers in ultradian rhythms

A

Those with depression have been found to enter Stage 5 (REM) sleep earlier than the average person

This would be essential is the question asked you about the role of exogenous zeitgebers in ultradian rhythms

29
Q

AO1 Focus

In the context of ultradian rhythms, mental health, and exercise are all examples of what?

A

Exogenous zeitgebers

30
Q

AO3 Focus

What practical application has been developed from research into stages of sleep?

A

Medication and relaxation techniques

31
Q

AO3 Focus

What group of people can benefit from practical applications of sleep stage research?

A

Older people

32
Q

AO3 Focus

Why have medication and relaxation techniques been developed for older people

This will form part of your first E in your PEEL

A

Older people experience less Stage 4 sleep

This will form part of your first E in your PEEL

33
Q

AO3 Focus

What issues in old age can be prevented by practical applications of sleep stage research?

This will form part of your second E in your PEEL

A

Reduced alertness

This will form part of your second E in your PEEL

34
Q

AO3 Focus

Why is the use of EEG’s to study stages of sleep considered scientific?

This will form part of your first E in your PEEL

A

As they are objective and empirical

This will form part of your first E in your PEEL

35
Q

AO3 Focus

What are EEG’s used to identify regarding stages of sleep?

This will form part of your second E in your PEEL

A

Identifying the length of rhythms, and how many times they occur

This will form part of your second E in your PEEL

36
Q
A

PN Year 13 - F Block (31 decks)

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