Biopsychology Review (Week 1)

Question 1

What structures are in the myelencephalon?

Answer 1

Medulla oblongata

Question 2

What does the medulla oblongata do?

Answer 2

Regulation of vital
functions (heart rate,
breathing)

Question 3

What structures are in the metencephalon?

Answer 3

cerebellum
pons

Question 4

what does the cerebellum do?

Answer 4

Balance, equilibrium,
coordinated/practiced
movements

Question 5

what does the pons do?

Answer 5

1. Sleep and arousal
2. Relay between cortex and
   cerebellum
3. Connects the two halves of
   the cerebellum (bridge)

Question 6

What structures make up the hindbrain?

Answer 6

1. Myelencephalon
2. Metencephalon

Question 7

What structures make up the midbrain?

Answer 7

tectum
tegmentum

Question 8

what structures makes up the tectum?

Answer 8

1. Superior colliculus (vision)
2. Inferior colliculus (hearing)

Question 9

what are the functions of the reticular formation?

Answer 9

in charge of arousal, movement,
reflexes

Question 10

what structures make up the tegmentum?

Answer 10

Reticular formation
Periaqueductal grey
Red nucleus
Substantia nigra

Question 11

what are the functions of the Periaqueductal grey?

Answer 11

species-specific behavior, pain

Question 12

what are the functions of the Red nucleus?

Answer 12

Movement

Question 13

what are the functions of the Substantia nigra?

Answer 13

movement; basal ganglia

Question 14

what structures make up the Diencephalon?

Answer 14

thalamus
hypothalamus

Question 15

what does the thalamus do?

Answer 15

The primary function of the thalamus is to relay motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex. It also regulates sleep, alertness, and wakefulness.

Question 16

what structures make up the hypothalamus?

Answer 16

anterior pituitary
posterior pituitary

Question 17

what does the anterior pituitary do?

Answer 17

Neurons in hypothalamus stimulate secretory cells by producing
“releasing” hormones

Question 18

what does the posterior pituitary do?

Answer 18

Neurons in hypothalamus send
axons down and directly release
neuromodulators and hormones

Question 19

what structure makes up the neorcortex?

Answer 19

the lobes

Question 20

what structures makes up the Telencephalon?

Answer 20

the subcortical regions (the basal ganglia and limbic system)

Question 21

what structures make up the limbic system?

Answer 21

 Hippocampus (sea horse)
 Amygdala (almond)
 Fornix (arch)
 Mammillary bodies (breasts)

Question 22

what does the limbic system do?

Answer 22

emotion, memory, approach/avoidance

Question 23

what does the basal ganglia do?

Answer 23

movement

Question 24

what structures make up the basal ganglia?

Answer 24

 Caudate nucleus
 Globus pallidus
 Putamen
 Caudate + Putamen = Striatum (CPu)
 Globus Pallidus + Putamen = Lentiform
Nucleus 20

Question 25

The blood brain barrier is most permeable to what kind of molecule?

Answer 25

small, lipid-soluble

Question 26

The central nervous system (CNS) is comprised of

Answer 26

the brain and the spine

Question 27

Which structures make up the “reward circuit”?

Answer 27

nucleus accumbens
frontal lobe
ventral tegmental area (VTA)

Question 28

Which division of the nervous system controls bodily organs, glands, ducts, and pupils?

Answer 28

autonomic

Question 29

What division of the nervous system controls the gut?

Answer 29

enteric

Question 30

What ionic movement begins an action potential?

Answer 30

entrance of sodium ions

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a monoamine?

Answer 31

glutamate

Question 32

Which neurotransmitter is particularly important for mood, appetite, and sleep?

Answer 32

serotonin