Biopsychology Review (Week 1) Flashcards
What structures are in the myelencephalon?
Medulla oblongata
What does the medulla oblongata do?
Regulation of vital
functions (heart rate,
breathing)
What structures are in the metencephalon?
cerebellum
pons
what does the cerebellum do?
Balance, equilibrium,
coordinated/practiced
movements
what does the pons do?
- Sleep and arousal
- Relay between cortex and
cerebellum - Connects the two halves of
the cerebellum (bridge)
What structures make up the hindbrain?
- Myelencephalon
- Metencephalon
What structures make up the midbrain?
tectum
tegmentum
what structures makes up the tectum?
- Superior colliculus (vision)
- Inferior colliculus (hearing)
what are the functions of the reticular formation?
in charge of arousal, movement,
reflexes
what structures make up the tegmentum?
Reticular formation
Periaqueductal grey
Red nucleus
Substantia nigra
what are the functions of the Periaqueductal grey?
species-specific behavior, pain
what are the functions of the Red nucleus?
Movement
what are the functions of the Substantia nigra?
movement; basal ganglia
what structures make up the Diencephalon?
thalamus
hypothalamus
what does the thalamus do?
The primary function of the thalamus is to relay motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex. It also regulates sleep, alertness, and wakefulness.
what structures make up the hypothalamus?
anterior pituitary
posterior pituitary
what does the anterior pituitary do?
Neurons in hypothalamus stimulate secretory cells by producing
“releasing” hormones
what does the posterior pituitary do?
Neurons in hypothalamus send
axons down and directly release
neuromodulators and hormones
what structure makes up the neorcortex?
the lobes
what structures makes up the Telencephalon?
the subcortical regions (the basal ganglia and limbic system)
what structures make up the limbic system?
Hippocampus (sea horse)
Amygdala (almond)
Fornix (arch)
Mammillary bodies (breasts)
what does the limbic system do?
emotion, memory, approach/avoidance
what does the basal ganglia do?
movement
what structures make up the basal ganglia?
Caudate nucleus
Globus pallidus
Putamen
Caudate + Putamen = Striatum (CPu)
Globus Pallidus + Putamen = Lentiform
Nucleus 20
The blood brain barrier is most permeable to what kind of molecule?
small, lipid-soluble
The central nervous system (CNS) is comprised of
the brain and the spine
Which structures make up the “reward circuit”?
nucleus accumbens
frontal lobe
ventral tegmental area (VTA)
Which division of the nervous system controls bodily organs, glands, ducts, and pupils?
autonomic
What division of the nervous system controls the gut?
enteric
What ionic movement begins an action potential?
entrance of sodium ions
Which of the following is NOT a monoamine?
glutamate
Which neurotransmitter is particularly important for mood, appetite, and sleep?
serotonin
