Antidepressant Drugs (Week 5) Flashcards
what is the Monoamine theory of
Depression
Antidepressants increase
monoaminergic tone within
hours, but therapeutic effects
do not appear for weeks
what is the Neurogenic Theory of Depression?
- Neurons can repair themselves
- New neurons are constantly being made (neurogenesis)
how do antidepressant drugs work?
- Antidepressant drugs increase the brain’s ability to protect neurons (both old and new)
- Increase neural density
- Therapeutic effect time course mirrors the time required for newly formed neurons to become functional.
what are the First-Generation Antidepressants?
tricyclics, MAOIs
what is a risk of tricyclics?
Cardiotoxic in large doses; Risk of OD
what negative side effect do MAOIs have?
the wine and cheese effect; increases BP.
true or false, MAOIs are available transdermally?
true (selegiline)
what is a side effect of maprotiline (Ludiomil)
epileptogenic
what is a positive effect of amoxapine (Ascendin)?
Better than TCAs at relieving anxiety and behavioral agitation
what is a side effect of amoxapine (Ascendin)?
Blocks DA receptors – can induce Parkinsonian-like EPS
what is a side effect of trazadone?
Heavy sedative effects; primarily used as a hypnotic
what is clomipramine (Anafranil) used for?
Used to treat anxiety and pain as well as depression, particularly OCD and Panic Disorder
what are some of the side effects of SSRI’s?
withdrawal symptoms, sexual dysfunction, serotonin syndrome.
which was the first SSRI?
fluoxetine (Prozac)
what is a risk of setraline (Zoloft)?
Higher risk of serotonin syndrome and withdrawal syndrome
what are some cons of taking fluvoxamine (Luvox)?
Shortest half-life of all SSRIs
Inhibits CYP1A2, which is increased by
elements of tobacco smoke; smokers
may require a higher dose to
experience therapeutic effects
what is a side effect of SNRIs?
they are analgesics; increased risk for severe liver damage
what other diagnosis are SNRIs approved for?
fibromyalgia
what is a precaution for duloxetine (Cymbalta)?
Not recommended for bipolar pxts; may induce mania
what is a risk of taking SNRI’s?
risk for suicide
what are some positive effects of tetracyclics?
Increased appetite/weight gain
very few sexual side effects
Which neurotransmitters are affected by amitriptyline?
NE, ACh, 5-HT
Venlafaxine is a/an
SNRI
The tricyclic antidepressants differ from Prozac and Zoloft in that they also have major effects on ________________.
norepinephrine
The neurogenic theory of depression stems from recent findings that in the mature brain
neurons are capable of being repaired and produced
First-generation tricyclic antidepressants are defined by a commonality in basic
molecular structure
What type of antidepressant is amitriptyline?
TCA
Impairment of memory is a side effect clearly associated with the use of
TCAs
Compared to SSRIs, TCAs are:
Equally effective, but have different side effects
An SNRI would be a good treatment choice for someone
with MDD and pain
If an SSRI is taken in conjunction with an MAOI, the levels of 5-HT can become dangerously high leading to ___________________.
serotonin syndrome.
