Biopsychology - Endocrine System Flashcards
Intro to endocrine system
Network of glands that secrete hormones - chemical messengers in the body
Transported through the bloodstream
Major endocrine glands
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Pineal gland
Thyroid gland
Adrenal glands
Ovaries/testes
Hypothalamus - control centre
Connected to the pituitary gland
Controls/stimulates hormone release from pituitary
Sends signals to pituitary to secrete stimulating hormones
Regulates the entire endocrine system
Pituitary gland - master gland
Controls and stimulates other glands
Divided into anterior and posterior lobes
Each lobe releases different hormones
Pituitary hormones
Anterior lone: adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Stimulates adrenal cortex to release cortisol
Posterior lobe: oxytocin
Love hormone, causes uterus contractions during childbirth
Increases during cuddling with loved ones
Pineal gland
Releases melatonin
Regulates biological rhythms
Light affects melatonin production
Low melatonin in winter can lead to SAD
Thyroid gland
Releases thyroxine
Regulates metabolism
Affects how quickly body converts food to energy
Can influence weight gain/loss
Adrenal glands
Located above the kidneys
Divided into two parts: medulla and cortex
Important for fight or flight response
Adrenal gland hormones
Adrenal medulla: releases adrenaline and noradrenaline
Prepares body for fight or flight
Adrenal cortex:
Releases cortisol
Stimulates glucose release for energy
Suppresses immune system
Male sex hormones: testes
Releases androgens including testosterone
Responsible for male sex characteristics
Promotes muscle growth
Develops during puberty
Female sex organs: ovaries
Release stronger
Controls female reproductive system
Regulates menstrual cycle
Important for pregnancy
Hormones and health
Hormonal imbalances can cause various health issues
E.g. diabetes, thyroid disorders, growth problems
Endocrine system interacts with other body systems
Modern lifestyle can affect hormone balance
