Approaches - Biological

Question 1

Introduction to biological approach

Answer 1

Assumes behaviour can be explained using biological processes
Humans are viewed as biological beings
Explores how biology influences thoughts, emotions and action

Question 2

Genetic basis of behaviour

Answer 2

Genes contain information for physical and psychological traits
Passed on from parents to offspring
May influence intelligence, personality and mental illness

Question 3

Twin studies - biology

Answer 3

Used to explore genetic influence on behaviour
MZ - identical, share 100% DNA
DZ - non-identical, share 50% DNA
Comparing concordance rates between twin types

Question 4

Genotype vs Phenotype

Answer 4

Genotype: genetic makeup, information in genes
Phenotype: expression of genes + environmental factors
- genetic predisposition to dementia (genotype, actual development of dementia (phenotype)

Question 5

The brain and behaviour

Answer 5

Cerebral cortex: outer surface of the brain
Divided into two hemispheres
Subdivided into lobes
Different areas responsible for different functions

Question 6

Localisation of function

Answer 6

Theory that specific brain areas are responsible for specific functions
Frontal lobe: personality, decision-making, movement
Parietal lobe: sensory processing
Occipital lobe: visual processing
Temporal lobe: auditory and speech processing

Question 7

Brain hemispheres

Answer 7

Left hemisphere controls right side of body
Right hemisphere controls left side of body
Language typically focused in left hemisphere

Question 8

The hippocampus

Answer 8

Located deep within the brain
Plays a significant role in memory and learning
Critical for forming new memories

Question 9

Neurochemistry and behaviour

Answer 9

Nervous system contains billions of neurones
Neurones communicate via electrical and chemical signals
Neurotransmitters: chemical messengers between neurones

Question 10

Neurotransmitter imbalances

Answer 10

Imbalances can cause changes in behaviour and mental states
Serotonin imbalance associated with depression
Dopamine imbalance associated with schizophrenia

Question 11

Evolution and behaviour

Answer 11

Gradual change in inherited traits over generations
Adaptation to environment
Natural selection and survival of the fittest

Question 12

Evolutionary psychology example

Answer 12

Rooting reflex in babies
Babies turn heads towards touch on cheek or mouth
Aids in breastfeeding and survival

Question 13

Applications of biological approach

Answer 13

Understanding genetic basis of disorders
Developing medications targeting neurotransmitters
Brain imaging to study structure and function