Biopsychology 2 Flashcards
What is Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution?
It states that genetic diversity allows some individuals to adapt better to environmental changes, leading to successful reproduction and genetic transmission.
What is the MC4R gene mutation?
A mutation that affects the melanocortin 4 receptor, regulating energy balance and body weight.
What is the CCR5-∆32 mutation?
A deletion of 32 base pairs in the CCR5 gene, leading to non-functional HIV receptors.
What is the range of reaction in gene-environment interactions?
It asserts that genes set limits on potential, and the environment determines where within that range an individual falls.
What is genetic-environmental correlation?
A bidirectional relationship where genes influence the environment, and the environment influences gene expression.
What is an example of genetic-environmental correlation?
- A child of an NBA player being exposed to basketball early, allowing them to realize their genetic athletic potential.
What behavioral characteristics have been linked to genetics?
Basic personality traits, sexual orientation, spirituality, temperament, and psychiatric conditions like depression and schizophrenia.
What is the relationship between genetic vulnerability and schizophrenia?
Genetic vulnerability combined with environmental stress increases the risk of developing schizophrenia.
What is the significance of genetic variation in evolution?
It allows some individuals to adapt better to environmental changes, leading to survival and reproduction advantages.
What is the role of the nervous system in biopsychology?
It helps biopsychologists understand how its structure and function relate to behavior.
What is the difference between monogenic and polygenic traits?
Monogenic traits are controlled by one gene, while polygenic traits are controlled by multiple genes.
What is the role of gametes in genetic inheritance?
Gametes (sperm and egg) carry genetic material from parents, combining to form the offspring’s genetic makeup.
What is the significance of DNA in genetics?
DNA contains genes that control traits and characteristics, passed from parents to offspring.
What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?
Dominant alleles express their trait even if only one copy is present, while recessive alleles require two copies to express the trait.
What is the role of mutations in evolution?
Mutations provide genetic variation, which can lead to adaptations that improve survival and reproduction.
