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November Mock > Biopsychology > Flashcards

Biopsychology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of the central nervous system?

A
  • To control behaviour
  • Regulate physiological processes
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2
Q

How does the central nervous system function?

A

Receives information from the sensory receptors (eyes, ear, skin) and sends messages to the muscles and glands of the body

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3
Q

What is the spinal cord?

A

A collection of nerve cells which are attached to the brain and run the length of the spinal column

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4
Q

What is the spinal cords main function?

A

To relay messages between the brain and the rest of the body

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5
Q

What does the spinal cord allow the brain to do?

A

Regulate vital bodily processes such as digestion and breather and to coordinate voluntary movements

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6
Q

What does the spinal cord contain?

A

Circuits of nerve cells which allows us to perform some simple reflexes without direct involvement of the brain

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7
Q

What does damage to the spinal cord mean?

A

The area below will be cut off from the brain and will stop functioning

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8
Q

What are the 4 main regions of the brain?

A
  • The cerebrum
  • The cerebellum
  • The diencephalon
  • The brain stem
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9
Q

What is the cerebrum?

A

The largest section of the brain and is further divided into four main sections called lobes

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10
Q

How do each cerebral hemispheres communicate?

A

Through the corpus callosum

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11
Q

What is the cerebellum involved in?

A

Controlling a persons motor skills, balance and coordination to allow precise movements

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12
Q

What are the important brain structures in the diencephalon?

A

The thalamus and the hypothalamus

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13
Q

What does the thalamus do?

A

Act as a relay station for nerve impulses coming from the senses, routing them to the appropriate part of the brain where they can be processed

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14
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

Regulates the body’s temperature, hunger and thirst. Also acts as a link between the endocrine system and the nervous system, controlling the release of hormones from the pituitary gland

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15
Q

What is the brain stem responsible for?

A

Regulating the automatic functions that are essential for life including breathing, heartbeat and swallowing. Also regulates the CNS and maintains consciousness and regulating the sleep cycle

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16
Q

What does the PNS do?

A

Transmits messages via millions of nerve cells to and from the CNS

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17
Q

What are the two sub-divisions of the PNS?

A
  • Somatic Nervous System
  • Autonomic Nervous System
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18
Q

What are the two sub-divisions of the CNS?

A
  • Brain
  • Spinal Cord
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19
Q

What does the SNS do?

A

Controls muscle movement by sending messages to the body and receiving information from sensory receptors

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20
Q

How are messages sent to the CNS?

A

Through sensory and motor neurons

21
Q

What does the ANS do?

A

Transmits information to and from internal bodily organs. Controls vital functions in the body such as breathing heart rate, digestion, sexual arousal and stress response

22
Q

What are the two main divisions of the ANS?

A
  • Sympathetic Nervous System
  • Parasympathetic Nervous System
23
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system involved in?

A

The responses which help our bodies respond to an emergency such as the stres response

24
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

A

Restores the body to its natural rest once the threat has passed

25
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

Carry nerve impulses from other neurons towards the cell body

26
Q

What does the axon do ?

A

Carries impulses away from the cell body down the length of the neuron

27
Q

What is the myelin sheath?

A

A fatty layer which protects the axon and speeds up electrical transmission

28
Q

What do terminal buttons do?

A

Communicate with the next neuron across the gap known as a synapse

29
Q

What is the function of a neuron?

A

Transmits information to other nerve cells or muscles and glands

30
Q

What is action potential?

A

Electrical signal

31
Q

What is an axon?

A

Long slender fibre that carry nerve impulses

32
Q

What is a dendrite?

A

Receives signals

33
Q

What is synaptic transmission?

A

One neuron communicating with another

34
Q

What is the cell body?

A

Control centre of the neuron

35
Q

Where are motor neurons?

A

In the CNS (brain and spinal cord)

36
Q

What do motor neurons do?

A

Control muscle movements in PNS through neurotransmitter

37
Q

What are the two types of motor neuron?

A
  • Lower motor neuron (spinal cord to muscles)
  • Upper motor neurons (brain and spinal cord)
38
Q

Where are the relay neurons?

A

In the CNS (brain and spinal cord)

39
Q

What do relay neurons allow?

A

Sensory and motor neurons to communicate

40
Q

Why don’t relay neurons need a myelin sheath?

A

Signal doesn’t need to travel far, just need to bridge the gap

41
Q

What do sensory neurons do?

A

Transmit messages from the PNS to the CNS

42
Q

What are the two sensory neurons extensions?

A
  • Receptor cells (gather sensory input)
  • Spinal cord (transmit information into spinal cord)
43
Q

What is a synapse?

A

Where a presynaptic neuron sends a chemical message to a post synaptic neuron

44
Q

What is a neurotransmitter?

A

Chemical messanger released by neurons, stimulus the development of an action potential in other neurons

45
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

Network of glands across the body that secrete chemical messages called hormones

46
Q

How are hormones transported in the endocrine system?

A

Through blood vessels

47
Q

What is the hypothalamus responsible for?

A

Stimulating or controlling the release of hormones from the pituitary gland (regulates the endocrine system)

48
Q

What does the pituitary gland do?

A

Release hormones from other glands in the endocrine system

November Mock (15 decks)

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