BIOPSYCH ( NEURONS AND SYNAPTIC TRANSIMISSION )

Question 1

Define sensory neurons

Answer 1

Sensory neurons carry nerve impulses from sensory receptors ( receptors for vision , taste, touch ) to the spinal cord and the brain. Sensory neurons convert information from these receptors into neural impulses. When these impulses hit the brain they become sensations eg. pain , heat

Question 2

Relay neurons

Answer 2

Relay neurons allow sensory and motor neurons to communicate with each other.

Question 3

Motor neurons

Answer 3

Motor neurons form synapses with muscles and control their contractions. When stimulated the motor neuron releases neurotransmitters that bind to receptors on the muscle and triggers a response which leads to muscle movements

Question 4

Define synaptic transmission

Answer 4

refers to the process by which a nerve impulse passes across the synaptic cleft from one neuron ( the presynaptic neuron) to another ( the postsynaptic neuron)

Question 5

When a signal is generated in the _____ neuron it triggers the release of ____ which diffuses across the synaptic gap/cleft.

Answer 5

1. pre synaptic neuron
2. neurotransmitters

Question 6

When neurotransmitters arrive at the post synaptic neuron , they bind at ___ receptor sites

Answer 6

1. specialised

Question 7

When neurotransmitters bind they have either excitatory or inhibitory effects on the ____ neuron.

Answer 7

post synaptic neuron

Question 8

The ___ generated when excitatory neurotransmitters bind leads to an ___ in voltage inside the cell , increasing the likelihood the voltage will reach the threshold Mv of ____ needed for the signal to be generated.

Answer 8

1. EPSP
2. Increase
3. -55

Question 9

The ____ generated when inhibitory neurotransmitters bind leads to a ___ in voltage in the cell , reducing the likelihood that the Mv will reach threshold of needed for a signal to be generated.

Answer 9

1. IPSP
   2.Decrease

Question 10

Whether the post-synaptic neuron generates a signal or not is determined by the balance of excitatory and inhibitory potentional , which the cell _____

Answer 10

summates

Question 11

Summation ( and hence the chance that an ____ is generated) can be increased if a single synapse is stimulated frequently or if numerous synapses are stimulated at the same time.

Answer 11

action potential