BiomoleculeFunctionalGroupsP12TextReverse Flashcards
Hydrophobic properties
Methyl group?
Hydrophobic properties
Ethyl group
Hydrophobic and aromatic. Very stable.
Phenyl group?
Hydrogen bonding ability
Hydroxyl (alcohol)
Reactivity varying types (due to polar nature C=O)
Carbonyl (aldehyde)
Similar to aldehyde, less reactive
Carbonyl (ketone)
Hydrogen bonding and acidic properties
Carboxylate
Condensation product of two alcohols. Oxygen bridge- polar, H bond acceptors.
Ether
Extension of covalent structure using oxygen. Slightly polar, H bond acceptors
Ester
An ester where the carboxylic acid was acetate. H-bonding
Acetyl
Two carboxylic acids. Condensation product of two acids. Polar and reactive.
Anhydride
R-NH3+ , Polar and charged. Hydrogen bonding and basic properties
Amino (protonated)
R-CO-NH2 , Polar. Hydrogen bonding ability.
Amido
R1-CNH-R2 (CNH is C=N-H), Highly reactive group with a single C=N double bond on a carbon with 2 single bonds
Imine
chain on the nitrogen makes the Schiff base a stable imine. Semi stable biologically.
A Schiff base is a compound with a functional group that contains a carbon-nitrogen double bond with the nitrogen atom connected to an aryl or alkyl group, not hydrogen.
N-substituted imine (Schiff base)
Basic, positively charged (e.g. amino acid arginine). H-bond donor
guanidinium
Basic, positively charged (e.g. amino acid histidine). H-bond donor & acceptor
Imidazole
Redox reactive ability to form links through disulphide bonds. Weak H-bonding!
Sulfhydryl
R1-S-S-R2, →Extension of structure through disulphide bridge
Disulfide
Slightly polar. An ester where the “alcohol” was a sulfhydryl
Thioester
Acidic, negatively charged and H-bonder
Phosphoryl
Acidic. High energy bond (e.g. ATP, later in the subject), H-bonder
Phosphoanhydride
Negative charge. Bond energy not as high as phosphoanydride. H-bonder
Mixed anhydride (carboxylic acid and phosphoric acid; also called acyl phosphate)
Enol
