BiomoleculeFunctionalGroupsP12Text Flashcards
Methyl group?
Hydrophobic properties
Ethyl group
Hydrophobic properties
Phenyl group?
Hydrophobic and aromatic. Very stable.
Hydroxyl (alcohol)
Hydrogen bonding ability
Carbonyl (aldehyde)
Reactivity varying types (due to polar nature C=O)
Carbonyl (ketone)
Similar to aldehyde, less reactive
Carboxylate
Hydrogen bonding and acidic properties
Ether
Condensation product of two alcohols. Oxygen bridge- polar, H bond acceptors.
Ester
Extension of covalent structure using oxygen. Slightly polar, H bond acceptors
Acetyl
An ester where the carboxylic acid was acetate. H-bonding
Anhydride
Two carboxylic acids. Condensation product of two acids. Polar and reactive.
Amino (protonated)
R-NH3+ , Polar and charged. Hydrogen bonding and basic properties
Amido
R-CO-NH2 , Polar. Hydrogen bonding ability.
Imine
R1-CNH-R2 (CNH is C=N-H), Highly reactive group with a single C=N double bond on a carbon with 2 single bonds
N-substituted imine (Schiff base)
chain on the nitrogen makes the Schiff base a stable imine. Semi stable biologically.
A Schiff base is a compound with a functional group that contains a carbon-nitrogen double bond with the nitrogen atom connected to an aryl or alkyl group, not hydrogen.
guanidinium
Basic, positively charged (e.g. amino acid arginine). H-bond donor
Imidazole
Basic, positively charged (e.g. amino acid histidine). H-bond donor & acceptor
Sulfhydryl
Redox reactive ability to form links through disulphide bonds. Weak H-bonding!
Disulfide
R1-S-S-R2, →Extension of structure through disulphide bridge
Thioester
Slightly polar. An ester where the “alcohol” was a sulfhydryl
Phosphoryl
Acidic, negatively charged and H-bonder
Phosphoanhydride
Acidic. High energy bond (e.g. ATP, later in the subject), H-bonder
Mixed anhydride (carboxylic acid and phosphoric acid; also called acyl phosphate)
Negative charge. Bond energy not as high as phosphoanydride. H-bonder
Enol
