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Biomechanics Quiz 7 Flashcards

1
Q

In articular surface is medial or lateral surfaces larger?

A

Medial

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2
Q

Variation in curvature of femoral condyles occurs in which plane?

A

The sagittal plane

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3
Q

Is their greater joint congruency in flexion or extension?

A

Extension

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4
Q

What type of cartilage is the patella made of?

A

Hyaline Cartilage

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5
Q

Are the articular surfaces of the tibia or femur smaller?

A

Tibia

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6
Q

Medial plateau bears more load during weight bearing for…

A

greater stress distribution

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7
Q

Normal Tibiofemoral alignment

A

170-175

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8
Q

Knee Genu Valgum

A

165*

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9
Q

Genu Varum

A

180*

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10
Q

Knee Varum is also known as

A

Bow legs

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11
Q

Knee Valgum is also known as

A

Knock Knees

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12
Q

Is the knee a highly mobile joint?

A

yes!

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13
Q

Where does the knee get its stability from?

A

Ligaments and joints

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14
Q

Large surface area of femoral condyles allows for?

A

Excessive knee motion and decreased stability

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15
Q

What are the soft tissue constraints of the knee?

A

Capsule, ligaments and the meniscus

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16
Q

The fictional characteristics of the Tibiofemural joint are that it is more…

A

1) Stable in extension

2) Mobile in flexion

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17
Q

The 2 active angular degrees of freedom for the tibiofemoral joint are?

A

1) Extension/flexion

2) Internal/External rotation

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18
Q

Extension and flexion of the TF joint enable use of ?

A

The quadriceps and hamstrings

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19
Q

Internal and external rotation of the TF joint enable use of?

A

The hamstrings vertically

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20
Q

1 Passive motion of the TF joint is?

A

Valgus/varus

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21
Q

Flexion and extension occur about what axis of rotation?

A

Medial/Lateral

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22
Q

Valgus and various occur about what axis of rotation?

A

Anterior and Posterior

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23
Q

Flex/Ext occur about the M/L axis of rotation through?

A

The femoral epicondyles

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24
Q

Typical ROM for the Tibiofemoral joint are?

A

130-140 flexion to 5* hyperextension

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25
Q

Internal and external rotation occur about what axis of rotation?

A

longitudinal

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26
Q

axial rotation increases with what kind of flexion?

A

greater knee flexion

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27
Q

What degree of knee flexion permits 40-50* total rotation (excursion)?

A

90*

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28
Q

Internal and external rotation is also called what kind of rotation?

A

axial rotation

29
Q

The purpose of the MCL is to?

A

… resist knee valgus or abduction

30
Q

The purpose of the LCL is to?

A

… resist knee varus or adduction

31
Q

The MCL attaches to what which part of the meniscus?

A

medial meniscus

32
Q

The purpose of the ACL is to?

A

… to resist anterior tibial translation on the femur (linear movement)

33
Q

The purpose of the PCL is to?

A

resist posterior tibial translation on the femur

34
Q

What muscles are ACL protective?

A

hamstrings

35
Q

What muscles are PCL protective?

36
Q

What ligaments reside in the intercondular notch?

A
  1. ACL

2. PCL

37
Q

The meniscus has what two physical characteristics?

A
  1. c-shaped

2. anterior and posterior horns

38
Q

The anterior and posterior horns are attached how?

A

Medial to lateral

39
Q

How does the meniscus get its nutrition?

A

Through

  1. diffusion
  2. synovial fluid
  3. compression
  4. ?
40
Q

During loading, the meniscus experiences what stresses?

A
  1. tensile
  2. compressive
  3. shear
41
Q

If the meniscus is removed, forces on the tibia are how many times greater?

A

6-7 times greater

42
Q

Why is the meniscus removed?

A

due to bad OA or for a total knee replacement

43
Q

For the patellofemoral joint, what are the local stabilizers?

A
  1. quads
  2. joint surfaces
  3. joint capsule
44
Q

What are the tibial on femoral movements

A

The patella slides relative to fixed femur

45
Q

What are the femoral on tibial movements?

A

groove of femur slides relative to the fixed patella

46
Q

What is the function of the patella?

A

Acts as spacer between femur and quads.

47
Q

(“spacer”) The patella increases internal MA of the … ?

A

knee extensor mechanism

48
Q

The internal MA is greatest between what degrees of flexion?

A

20-60* flexion

49
Q

The patella moves on the femur when?

A

When you flex or extend

50
Q

Dislocation of patella occurs in what position?

A

the extended position

51
Q

Bow straining force definition

A

when a force moves the patella laterally or femur is moving medially

52
Q

Q angle avg overall

53
Q

Men Q angle

54
Q

Women Q angle

55
Q

The more the Q angle, the more …

A

the patella will be pulled laterally

56
Q

Extensor lag

A

Difficulty with the last 15-20* of extension

57
Q

The talocurural joint is what type of joint?

A

hinge joint

58
Q

another name for the talocrural joint is?

A

Mortise joint

59
Q

The talocurural joint acts like what?

A

a “moveable wrench” which allows for stability and mobility

60
Q

The talocrural joint more or less congruent of a joint compared to others?

A

more congruent

61
Q

dorsiflexion is when … (talocrural anthrokinetics)

A

the talus slides posterially and rolls forward

62
Q

plantarflexion is when … (talocrural anthrokinetics)

A

the talus slides anteriorly and rolls backward

63
Q

(talocrural arthrology) the distal talocrural joint’s lateral ligaments are which 3?

A
  1. anterior tala-fibular ligament ATFL
  2. calcaneo-fibular CFL
  3. posterior-talofibular PTFL
64
Q

What is the most common sprain?

A

inversion sprain

65
Q

What is the move injured ligament?

A

the anterior talofibular ligament ATFL

66
Q

Inversion

A

Lateral collateral ligament

67
Q

Eversion

A

Medial collateral ligament

68
Q

Medial ligament of the distal talocrural joint is:

A

Deltoid ligament

69
Q

Attachments of the deltoid ligament are:

A
  1. navicular
  2. talus
  3. calcaneous

Biomechanics (10 decks)

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