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Biomechanics > Biomechanics Quiz 5 > Flashcards

Biomechanics Quiz 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of joint is the hip complex? form?

A
    • synovial joint

- - ball and socket

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2
Q

How many angular rotations (degrees of freedom) in hip?

A

3 DOF

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3
Q

How many translations in hip?

A

3 DOF

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4
Q

What does the hip complex support?

A 
support for: 
1. head
2. arm
3. trunk 
(HAT)
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5
Q

hip complex joint arrangement (2 joints)

A
  1. pelvis joint: superior

2. femur joint: inferior

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6
Q

(osteology) shape of proximal femur – 3 influencing factors:

A
  1. force of muscle activation
  2. weight bearing
  3. circulation
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7
Q

what bone is the longest and strongest in the human body?

A

femur

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8
Q

(femur) angle of inclination = “angulation of femur in proximal plane”

what are the 3 angles?

A
  1. normal (angled up 125*) BEST
  2. coxa vara (angled up less 105*)
  3. coxa valga (angled up way too high 140*+
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9
Q

coxa vara 105* – 3 possible issues

A
  1. shortening of limb
  2. femoral neck fraction
  3. capital epiphyseal slipping (adolescence)
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10
Q

coxa valga 140* – 3 issues

A
  1. angle at birth 140-150* degrees and weight bearing changes forces.
  2. lengthening of limb
  3. hip dislocation
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11
Q

femoral torsion – 3 types and their angle *degrees

A
  1. normal anteversion = 15*
  2. excessive anteversion = 35*
  3. retroversion = 5*
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12
Q

excessive anteversion increases likelihood of:

A

a. hip dislocation
b. articular incongruence
c. increased joint contact force
d. increased wear on articular cartilage

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13
Q

excessive anteversion in children causes and how to fix:

A
    • in-toeing

- - fix: strengthen external rotators

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14
Q

femoral head is made of 2 things:

A
  1. hyaline cartilage - C shape

2. ligamentum trees connects to fibia capitus and protects blood vessel

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15
Q

what does acetabulum contact area do for body?

A

provides stability at hip joint.

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16
Q

(Arthology) 3 capsule ligaments of the hip

A
  1. iliofemoral
  2. ischiofemoral
  3. pubofemoral
17
Q

resists tension the most (STRONGEST)

A

iliofemoral

18
Q

at midstance, the lunate surface is being …

A

… fully loaded

19
Q

why glenoid labrum isn’t super important in hip.

A

it’s really shallow, which is why we lift our arms up over our head. But at hip, we don’t need a lot of extra stability because osteology / bony shape gives it a ton of stability.

20
Q

Arthology: Iliofemoral is also called the …

A

“Y-ligament”

21
Q

which of the 3 capsule ligaments of the hip resist hip extension?

A

trick question … ALL 3!

22
Q

center of mass for iliofemoral

A

behind rotation

23
Q

when taut, the iliofemoral is used for:

A

a. hip extension

b. hip ER

24
Q

iliofemoral on crutches …

A

passive tension with standing

25
Q

when taut, pubofemoral is used for:

A

a. hip abduction

b. extension

26
Q

when taut, ischiofemoral is used for:

A

a. hip extension

b. hip IR

27
Q

(femoral-on-pelvic hip rotation) for sagittal plane, flexion is what degrees? extension is?

A

flexion: 120*
extension: 20*

28
Q

(femoral-on-pelvic hip rotation) for frontal plane, abduction is what degrees? adduction is?

A

abduction: 40*
adduction: 20*

29
Q

(femoral-on-pelvic hip rotation) for horizontal plane, internal rotation is what degrees? external rotation is?

A

internal: 40*
external: 40*

30
Q

(osteology: femur) which has the greater articular surface? medial or lateral?

A

medial

31
Q

regarding the curvature of femoral condyles in sagittal plane, which is greater joint congruency and stability? extension or flexion?

A

extension

32
Q

what kind of bone is patella?

A

sesamoid bone

33
Q

what type of cartilage is the patella made of?

A

hyaline

34
Q

(osteology: tibia) which articular surfaces are smaller? the tibia or femur?

A

tibia

35
Q

which plateau bears more load during weight bearing? medial or lateral?

A

medial tibia – it allows for greater stress distribution

36
Q

tibofemoral (TF) alignment: normal TF alignment

A

170-175* external angle

37
Q

tibofemoral (TF) alignment: abnormal TF alignment – genu valgum and verum

A

genu valgum = <165* (knocked knees)
gene verum = >180* (bow legs)

Know how to draw the knee alignment!

38
Q

tibofemoral (TF) alignment: gene valgum is abduction or adduction?

A

abduction

39
Q

tibofemoral (TF) alignment: gene verum is abduction or adduction?

A

adduction

Biomechanics (10 decks)

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