Biomechanics

Question 1

Static

Answer 1

mechanics dealing with systems in a constant state of motion

Question 2

Dynamic

Answer 2

mechanics dealing with systems subject to acceleration

Question 3

Kinematics

Answer 3

study of the description of motion including space and time considerations

Question 4

Kinetics

Answer 4

study of forces that cause a system to move

Question 5

Quantitative Approach

Answer 5

study of movement through numbers

Question 6

Qualitative Approach

Answer 6

describes movement without numbers

Question 7

Scalar

Answer 7

quantities described by magnitude alone (ex. distance, mass speed)

Question 8

Vector

Answer 8

quantities described by magnitude and a direction (ex. force, velocity, acceleration)

Question 9

Newton’s 1st Law

Answer 9

Law of Inertia: objects will remain at a constant motion unless acted upon by an outside force → ex. Seatbelt restrains someone from going through the windshield in a car crash

Question 10

Newton’s 2nd Law

Answer 10

Law of Acceleration: force applied to an object causes acceleration of a magnitude proportional to force in the direction of the force inversely proportional to the mass of the object → F=ma → ex. Speed skating start: short powerful strides at beginning to increase force by increasing acceleration

Question 11

Newton’s 3rd Law

Answer 11

Law of Reaction: for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction → ex. Sprint start: downwards force created by sprinter on block equals an upward force out of the block

Question 12

Levers

Answer 12

a. First Class Lever: fulcrum between effort and resistance → farther effort from load easier it is to lift → ex. Teeter totter
b. Second Class Lever: resistance is located between fulcrum and effort → mechanical advantage → ex. Wheelbarrow
c. Third Class Lever: effort between fulcrum and resistance → favours speed and range of motion over force → ex. Shovel

Question 13

Stability

Answer 13

the lower the centre of mass the larger the base of support, the closer the centre of mass to the base and the greater the mass the greater the stability

Question 14

Maximum Effort

Answer 14

must use all possible joint movements that contribute to task

Question 15

Maximum Velocity

Answer 15

must use joints in order from largest to smallest

Question 16

Linear Motion 1

Answer 16

the greater the applied impulse the greater the increase in velocity → greater range of motion results in more time and greater impulse

Question 17

Linear Motion 2

Answer 17

movement occurs in opposite direction of applied force (Newton’s third law)

Question 18

Angular Motion

Answer 18

produced by application of a force acting at a distance away from the axis by torque (must be at an angle)

Question 19

Angular Momentum

Answer 19

constant when something is free in the air (cant change velo) → momentum = mv