Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

Scalar and Vector quantities

A

Scalar - Size
Vector - Size and direction

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2
Q

Mass definition

A

The quality of matter the body possesses

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3
Q

Weight definition

A

The gravitational force exerted on an object

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4
Q

Distance and Displacement

A

Distance - the path the body takes to move from start to finish
Displacement - shortest distance in a straight line from start to finish

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5
Q

Speed and Velocity

A

Speed = distance/time
Velocity = displacement/time

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6
Q

Acceleration definition and equation

A

The rate of change of velocity
Change in velocity/time

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7
Q

Momentum definition and equation

A

The product of the mass and velocity of an object
Mass x Velocity

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8
Q

Weight equation

A

Mass x acceleration

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9
Q

Difference between Vertical forces and Horizontal forces

A

Vertical forces - two bodies in contact with another, reaction force
Horizontal forces - two or more bodies are in contact with one another, frictional force (a force that acts in the opposite direction to the motion of a body travelling through the air)

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10
Q

3 factors affecting friction

A
  • surface characteristics
  • the temperature of the surfaces
  • the mass of the object
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11
Q

What does a horizontal force depend on?

A
  • the faster the velocity, more resistance
  • the larger cross section, more air resistance
  • the shape and surface characteristics
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12
Q

How do forces act on the body during linear motion?

A

Friction force : forwards ->
Air resistance : backwards <-
Weight : downwards
Reaction force : upwards

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13
Q

Net force

A

The resultant force after all other forces have been considered

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14
Q

Newtons 3 laws of motion

A

1st law : Object will not change its motion until a force acts upon it
2nd law : acceleration
3rd law : equal and opposite directions of forces

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15
Q

Impulse equation

A

Force x Time

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16
Q

Torque

A

The rotational consequence of force (where you put finger to open door)

17
Q

Torque equation

A

Force x distance from fulcrum

18
Q

3 quantities of angular motion and conservation of angular momentum

A

Angular velocity
Angular acceleration
Moment of inertia

19
Q

Angular velocity

A

Rate of rotation of a body around its axes of rotation

20
Q

Angular acceleration

A

Rate of change of angular velocity

21
Q

Moment of inertia

A

Body’s reluctance to alter rate of rotation

22
Q

What affects drag force?

A
  • the shape
  • the surface
  • reducing cross sectional area
  • streamline
23
Q

The Bernoulli principle (discus example)

A

Where air molecules exert less pressure the faster they travel and more pressure the slower they travel

  • Air tries move high to low pressure
  • Angle of attack - if altered creates hydrofoil shape
  • Air travels faster over top of discus
  • Air travels further over the top of the discus
  • This creates a low pressure on top of discus
  • aerofoil shape
24
Q

Mechanical advantage of third-class lever operating at hip for long jumper

A
  • mechanical advantage is so large ranges of movement can be moved quickly
  • 3rd class levers have a faster range of movement
  • flexing at hip gain forwards movement + jump further
25
What is horizontal displacement?
Distance something has travelled
26
3 factors affecting horizontal displacement
- angle of release - speed of release - height of release
27
Parabolic curve definition
A curve with matching left and right sides
28
Factors affecting flight paths (2)
- gravity - air resistance
29
1st law of newton
Inertia law - moving constantly until force applied - force applied by muscles - performer continue in current state until another force applied
30
2nd law of newton
Law of acceleration - force = mass x acceleration - mass is constant - to accelerate u need more force - force produced by muscle contractions - ground reaction force produced - greater the force greater the acceleration
31
3rd law of motion
Law of action and reaction - equal and opposite reaction - athlete produce force into ground/onto object - ground/object apply equal and opposite force back on athlete Eg sprinter
32
Factors affecting stability
- height of centre of mass - area of base of support - position of line of gravity - body mass
33
What is optimum angle of release?
45