Biology Unit D Part 2

Question 1

Cardiac muscle

Answer 1

The involuntary muscle of the heart

Question 2

Smooth muscle

Answer 2

The involuntary muscle found in the lining of organs

Skeletal muscle

Question 3

Tendon

Answer 3

A band of connective tissue that joins muscle to bone

Question 4

Antagonistic muscles

Answer 4

A pair of skeletal muscles that are arranged in pairs and that work against each other to make a joint move

Question 5

Flexor

Answer 5

The muscle that must contract to bend a joint

Question 6

Extensor

Answer 6

The muscle that must contract to straighten a joint

Question 7

Sarcolemma

Answer 7

The delicate sheath that surrounds muscle fibres

Question 8

Myofilament

Answer 8

A thread of contractile proteins found within muscle fibres

Question 9

Creatine phosphate

Answer 9

A compound in muscle cells that releases a phosphate to ADP and hellps regenerate ATP supplies in muscle cells

Question 10

Summation

Answer 10

Increased muscle contraction produced by the combination of stimuli

Question 11

Tetanus

Answer 11

The state of constant muscle contraction caused by sustained nerve impulses

Question 12

Plasma

Answer 12

The fluid portion of the blood

Question 13

Erythocyte

Answer 13

A red blood cell that contains hemoglobin and carries oxygen

Question 14

Anemia

Answer 14

The reduction in blood oxygen due to low levels of hemoglobin or poor red blood cell production

Question 15

Leukocyte

Answer 15

A white blood cell

Question 16

Platelets

Answer 16

A component of blood responsible for initiating blood clotting

Question 17

Thrombus

Answer 17

A blood clot that forms within a blood vessel and blocks it

Question 18

Embolus

Answer 18

A blood clot that dislodges and is carried by the circulatory system to another part of the body

Question 19

Antigen

Answer 19

A substance, usually protein, that stimulates the formation of an antibody

Question 20

Antibody

Answer 20

A protein formed within the blood that reacts with an antigen

Question 21

Agglutination

Answer 21

The clumping of blood caused by antigens and antibodies

Question 22

Phagocytosis

Answer 22

The process by which a white blood cell engulfs and chemically destroys a microbe

Question 23

Macrophage

Answer 23

A phagocytic white blood cells found in lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, and liver

Question 24

Pus

Answer 24

A thick liquid composed of protein fragments from digested leukocytes and microbes

Question 25

Inflammatory response

Answer 25

Localized nonspecific response triggered when tissue cells are injured by bacteria or physical injury, characterized by swelling, heat, redness, and pain

Question 26

Complement protein

Answer 26

A plasma protein that helps defend against invading microbes by tagging the microbe for phagocytosis, puncturing cell membranes, or triggering the formation of a mucous coating

Question 27

T cell

Answer 27

A lymphocyte, manufactured in the bone marrow and processed by the thymus gland that identifies and attacks foreign substances

Question 28

B cell

Answer 28

A lymphocyte, made and processed in the bone marrow, that produces antibodies

Question 29

Receptor site

Answer 29

A port along a cell membrane into which hormones, nutrients, and other needed materials fit

Question 30

Helper T cell

Answer 30

A T cell with receptors that bind to fragments of antigens

Question 31

Lymphokine

Answer 31

A protein produced by the T cells that acts as a chemical messenger between other T cells and B cells

Question 32

Killer T cell

Answer 32

A T cell that destroys microbes, body cells infected with viruses, and mutated cells by puncturing membranes

Question 33

Suppressor T cell

Answer 33

A T cell that turns off the immune system

Question 34

Memory B cell

Answer 34

A B cell that retains information about the shape of an antigen

Question 35

Pluripotent cell

Answer 35

A cell that is capable of developing into a number of specialized cells, such as neuron or muscle cells

Question 36

Deamination

Answer 36

Removal of amino group from an organic compound

Question 37

Urea

Answer 37

Nitrogen waste formed from two molecules of ammonia and one molecule of carbon dioxide

Question 38

Uric acid

Answer 38

A waste product formed from the breakdown of nucleic acids

Question 39

Ureter

Answer 39

A tube that conducts urine from the kidney to the bladder

Question 40

Urethra

Answer 40

The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the exterior of the body

Question 41

Cortex

Answer 41

The outer layer of the kidney

Question 42

Medulla

Answer 42

The area inside the cortex

Question 43

Renal pelvis

Answer 43

The hollow area where the kidney joins the ureter

Question 44

Nephron

Answer 44

A functional unit of the kidney

Question 45

Afferent arteriole

Answer 45

A small branch of the renal artery that carries blood to the glomerulus

Question 46

Glomerulus

Answer 46

The high pressure capillary bed that is the site of filtration

Question 47

Efferent arteriole

Answer 47

A small branch of the renal artery that carries blood away from the glomerulus to the peritubular capillaries

Question 48

Peritubular capillary

Answer 48

A member of the network of small blood vessels that surround the tubule of the nephron

Question 49

Bowman's capsule

Answer 49

The cupcake structure that surrounds the glomerulus

Question 50

Proximal tubule

Answer 50

The section of the nephron joining the Bowmna's capsule with the loop of Henle

Question 51

Loop of Henle

Answer 51

The sectiion of the tubule that carries filtrate from the proximal tubule to the distal tubule

Question 52

Distal tubule

Answer 52

Conducts urine frmo the loop of Henle to the collecting duct

Question 53

Collecting duct

Answer 53

A tube that carries urine from nephrons to the renal pelvis

Question 54

Threshold level

Answer 54

The maximum amount of a substance that can by moved across the nephron

Question 55

Interstitial fluid

Answer 55

The fluid that surrounds the body cells