Biology unit #2 Flashcards
what is active transport?
the movement across a semi-permeable membrane that requires energy input from the cell
How does active transport work?
protein embedded in the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane.
active transport cost energy as substances is moving from low concentration to high concentration
when does active transport happen?
it happens when controlling how transport protein opens and closes to one side of the membrane to another.
what is ATP?
The “battery” of the cell
is a phosphate groups is removed, and energy is used from that reaction to change the shape of the protein
why does cell need to pump out of calcium?
- calcium is the signaling molecule
-helps the the muscle contraction and relax
what effects active transport?
- temperature
- concertation of ions/molecule that being transport
- ATP availability
what is bulk transport?
the name of two process that move very large molecules, small amount of fluid or large particles
what is exocytosis?
vesicle fuses with the membrane and releases whatever was in the vesicle to the outsie of the cell
what does exocytosis carries out?
-large waste
-signaling proteins
what is endocytosis?
part of the membrane folds in to form a vesicle inside, containing material that was outside the cell membrane
what does endocytosis carry in?
-large molecules
-large material
-large amounts of water
what does ATP stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate
“charged battery”
two high power bonds
what does ADP stand for?
Adenosine diphosphate
“Battery with only partial charge left.”
what does AMP stand for?
Adenosine monophosphate
“uncharged battery”
what does ATP do?
the molecule that cell’s use for energy. is the energy “currency” when a muscle needs energy contact it “spends” converting into ADT
what is hunger signal’s?
forms of AMP let the cells know when they are hungry
when these levels are high they know they need to eat more
how does chemical reactions happen in the cell?
the chemical reactions need energy and they use the ATP as a battery to help power different chemical reactions.
what is photosynthesis?
the process plants use to harvest the sun’s light energy and store as a chemical energy
where does aerobic cellular respiration phase take place?
mitochondria
what are the parts in cellular respiration?
6 glucose + oxygen -6 carbon dioxide + 6water
34 ADP + 36p- 36 ATP
what do both plant and animal cells have?
mitochondria
what is an organelle?
a structure in a cell that performs a specific function
what does active transport require?
the cell energy
what are the parts in the membrane?
phospholipids
proteins
cholesterol
carbohydrates
what do phospholipase do?
provide overall structure
acts as a barrier
hold components of the cell
what do proteins do?
embedded in the phospholipid’s bilayer
some are proteins that transport
some are enzymes that control chemical reactions
what do cholesterol do?
embedded in the phospholipids bilayer
helps keeps fluidity the right temp
what do carbohydrates?
attach protein or phosphlips
allow other cell to come in
work like an ID tag
what passive trasport?
movement across semi-permeable membrane that doesn’t require cell energy
example of facilitated diffusion?
e.g. cystic fibrosis
simple diffusion?
a substance move directly through the cell membrane area of high to an area of low
what is Osmosis?
movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane high to low
what is gradient?
low to high concentation
what is Equilibrium?
the area is equal
what is hypertonic?
fewer free water molecules
what is hypotonic?
more free water molecules
what is reverse osmosis?
water purifer
what is cellular respiration?
process that makes ATP
need glucose and oxygen then carbon dioxide and water
36-38 ATP
what is fermentation?
the process that makes ATP without oxygen
eg. yeast
eg. kimchi
what is photosynthesis?
the process used to harvest light energy from the sun and store it as chemical energy in sugar molecules
what the cell membrane?
found in both
enclose the cells contents
what’s the cell wall?
in plants
adds structure to the cell and mostly made out of cellulose
what is centriole?
serves has the skeleton system
fibers used in cell division, and in ribosoes are produce here
what are lysosomes?
animal
very small and help build proteins
what are choroplast?
plants
aid in photosynthesis it’s free flowing
what is a vesicle?
transport materials
what is nucleus?
ribosomes are produced here
what is a Golgi body?
both packages vesicle for transport
what are centrosomes?
help give structure and is used in mitosis
example of diffusion in the air?
smell of bacon
example of diffusion in the water?
dropping food coloring in water
example of diffusion in the body?
liver/ kidney
example of osmosis?
reverse osmosis to purity water
example of facilitated diffusion?
cystic fibrosis
what is facilitated diffusion?
the substance moves through the membrane with the help protein embedded
