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Math > Biology unit #2 > Flashcards

Biology unit #2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is active transport?

A

the movement across a semi-permeable membrane that requires energy input from the cell

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2
Q

How does active transport work?

A

protein embedded in the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane.
active transport cost energy as substances is moving from low concentration to high concentration

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3
Q

when does active transport happen?

A

it happens when controlling how transport protein opens and closes to one side of the membrane to another.

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4
Q

what is ATP?

A

The “battery” of the cell
is a phosphate groups is removed, and energy is used from that reaction to change the shape of the protein

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5
Q

why does cell need to pump out of calcium?

A
  • calcium is the signaling molecule
    -helps the the muscle contraction and relax
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6
Q

what effects active transport?

A
  • temperature
  • concertation of ions/molecule that being transport
  • ATP availability
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7
Q

what is bulk transport?

A

the name of two process that move very large molecules, small amount of fluid or large particles

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8
Q

what is exocytosis?

A

vesicle fuses with the membrane and releases whatever was in the vesicle to the outsie of the cell

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9
Q

what does exocytosis carries out?

A

-large waste
-signaling proteins

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10
Q

what is endocytosis?

A

part of the membrane folds in to form a vesicle inside, containing material that was outside the cell membrane

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11
Q

what does endocytosis carry in?

A

-large molecules
-large material
-large amounts of water

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12
Q

what does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine triphosphate
“charged battery”
two high power bonds

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13
Q

what does ADP stand for?

A

Adenosine diphosphate
“Battery with only partial charge left.”

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14
Q

what does AMP stand for?

A

Adenosine monophosphate
“uncharged battery”

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15
Q

what does ATP do?

A

the molecule that cell’s use for energy. is the energy “currency” when a muscle needs energy contact it “spends” converting into ADT

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16
Q

what is hunger signal’s?

A

forms of AMP let the cells know when they are hungry
when these levels are high they know they need to eat more

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17
Q

how does chemical reactions happen in the cell?

A

the chemical reactions need energy and they use the ATP as a battery to help power different chemical reactions.

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18
Q

what is photosynthesis?

A

the process plants use to harvest the sun’s light energy and store as a chemical energy

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19
Q

where does aerobic cellular respiration phase take place?

A

mitochondria

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20
Q

what are the parts in cellular respiration?

A

6 glucose + oxygen -6 carbon dioxide + 6water

34 ADP + 36p- 36 ATP

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21
Q

what do both plant and animal cells have?

A

mitochondria

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22
Q

what is an organelle?

A

a structure in a cell that performs a specific function

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23
Q

what does active transport require?

A

the cell energy

24
Q

what are the parts in the membrane?

A

phospholipids
proteins
cholesterol
carbohydrates

25
Q

what do phospholipase do?

A

provide overall structure
acts as a barrier
hold components of the cell

26
Q

what do proteins do?

A

embedded in the phospholipid’s bilayer
some are proteins that transport
some are enzymes that control chemical reactions

27
Q

what do cholesterol do?

A

embedded in the phospholipids bilayer
helps keeps fluidity the right temp

28
Q

what do carbohydrates?

A

attach protein or phosphlips
allow other cell to come in
work like an ID tag

29
Q

what passive trasport?

A

movement across semi-permeable membrane that doesn’t require cell energy

30
Q

example of facilitated diffusion?

A

e.g. cystic fibrosis

31
Q

simple diffusion?

A

a substance move directly through the cell membrane area of high to an area of low

32
Q

what is Osmosis?

A

movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane high to low

33
Q

what is gradient?

A

low to high concentation

34
Q

what is Equilibrium?

A

the area is equal

35
Q

what is hypertonic?

A

fewer free water molecules

36
Q

what is hypotonic?

A

more free water molecules

37
Q

what is reverse osmosis?

A

water purifer

38
Q

what is cellular respiration?

A

process that makes ATP
need glucose and oxygen then carbon dioxide and water
36-38 ATP

39
Q

what is fermentation?

A

the process that makes ATP without oxygen
eg. yeast
eg. kimchi

40
Q

what is photosynthesis?

A

the process used to harvest light energy from the sun and store it as chemical energy in sugar molecules

40
Q

what the cell membrane?

A

found in both
enclose the cells contents

41
Q

what’s the cell wall?

A

in plants
adds structure to the cell and mostly made out of cellulose

42
Q

what is centriole?

A

serves has the skeleton system
fibers used in cell division, and in ribosoes are produce here

43
Q

what are lysosomes?

A

animal
very small and help build proteins

44
Q

what are choroplast?

A

plants
aid in photosynthesis it’s free flowing

45
Q

what is a vesicle?

A

transport materials

46
Q

what is nucleus?

A

ribosomes are produced here

47
Q

what is a Golgi body?

A

both packages vesicle for transport

48
Q

what are centrosomes?

A

help give structure and is used in mitosis

49
Q

example of diffusion in the air?

A

smell of bacon

50
Q

example of diffusion in the water?

A

dropping food coloring in water

51
Q

example of diffusion in the body?

A

liver/ kidney

52
Q

example of osmosis?

A

reverse osmosis to purity water

53
Q

example of facilitated diffusion?

A

cystic fibrosis

54
Q

what is facilitated diffusion?

A

the substance moves through the membrane with the help protein embedded

Math (7 decks)

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