Bio Unit #1 test Flashcards
what are Monosaccharides?
Simple sugars eg.
Glucose
Mon= 1
How do Plants make sugar?
Photosynthesis
How is cellular respiration different for monosaccharides and disaccharides?
Monosaccharides: we eat sugar cells break down into carbon dioxide and water to gain energy.
Disaccharides: when we eat our body breaks them down into monosaccharides then break down to gain energy
what are Disaccharides? explain..?
made of two monosaccharides boned together
eg. sucrose or lactose
naturally found in some fruits
what are the three types of polysaccharides ( carbohydrates)
Cellulose
Glycogen ( processed foods)
Starch ( carbs)
what is Cellulose?
made out of glucose molecules bonded with long chains
eg. celery, broccoli, beans, peas
Starch
made of glucose in long chain
eg. potatoes, carrots, corn, peas
plants store extra sugar as starch to save for later
when we eat starch we break down to glucose
Glycogen (processed foods)
high in monosaccharides eg. donuts, cookies, cakes
High in polysaccharides eg. pasta, bread
excess glucose is stored as glycogen in muscle and liver cells
why do we need nutrients?
you need to consume that allows your body to function or work properly. it gives us the energy we need.
what is a saturated fat?
made from saturated fatty acids.
no double bonds, forms a straight chain
they are solid
an example found in meat and coco butter
this is less healthy
what is a unsaturated fat?
made from unsaturated fatty acids
have double bond and chain is bent
they are liquid
ex. avocado or nuts or olive oil
what is a Phospholipids?
2 fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to a glycerol
they are modified triglycerides
what are steroids?
lipids
how many amino acids are there?
22
What are the protein structure?
primary structure
secondary structure
tertiary structure
quaternary structure
what does the primary structure
it’s straight chain in a snake pattered
what does the secondary structure look like
these chain are folder two common alpha and beta sheet
Tertiary structure look like?
foled in more complex way. they are folded into globular.
what does the quaternary structure look like
what out of more than one folded polypeptide chain
it more than one globular together
what are the types of nucleic acids?
Deoxyribose- nucleic acid
Ribonucleic acid
what is the function of Deoxyribose- nucleic acid?
DNA is like a recipe book that hold the instructions for bulding proteins and other thing in the cell.
what is the function of Ribonucleic acid?
carry DNA to the other parts of the cell
what is base pairing
A with T: the purine adenine (A) always pairs with the pyrimidine thymine (T)
C with G: the pyrimidine cytosine (C) always pairs with the purine guanine (G)
what can DNA nucleotides can have
A, G, C, T
what can RNA nucleotides can have?
A,G,C,U
what are two-ringed base are called?
purines
what are one ringed base are called
pyrimidines
why do you need nutients?
so your body can function or work properly
each person needs are different
culture, ecomc, social and psychological play a role in this
identify foods that have different macros
fats- oil or nuts
proteins- meat
carbohydrates- candy or bread
what are enzymes made of ?
enzymes is a molecular made of protein
what is the function of enzymes?
they help speed chemcical reaction in the cells
what are lipids?
Are fatty compound.
- help control what goes in and out of your cell
-they help with moving and storing energy, absorbing vitamins, and making hormones
what phospholipids used for?
act as a barrier to protect the cell
allow cellular process to happen
what are steroids are used for?
signal, developed, regulate
membrane traffic
how many different levels of protein structure are there?
4
how are protein and enzyme denatured?
-Hight temperature
-very high or low ph
-high salt concentration
what is the difference essential and non essential amino acids?
non essential- body makes them
essential - eat form diet to get them
what are the four types of macromolecules?
carbohydrates
protein
lipids ( fats)
nucleic acid
what is the main function of carbohydrates?
provide quick energy
provide structure to cells and organisms, store energy
what is the main function of lipids?
they help with moving and storing energy
absorbing vitamins
making hormones
what is the main function of protein?
carry out nearly all the functions of the cell
what is the main function of nucleic acid?
DNA :store genetic info
RNA: protein synthesis
why is a no fat diet not good?
there are some healthy fats your body needs. you will hurt your body in the long run
why should runners do a carb load the night before a race?
max glycogen storage that can help runner increase endurance or delay fatigue
when people straight there hair what happens to their hair?
Enzymes and proteins are being denatured bc of high temperature
what structure is a phospholipid?
two hydrophobic tails
where are monosaccharide naturally found?
Naturally found in fruit and vegies
why can’t you digest cellulose?
we can’t digest or break down cellulose into glucose
what macromolecules do human not get food from?
nucleotides
what is the active cite?
an enzyme binds
what is a substate?
a molecule were enzyme acts as catalyst
what is lactose cause?
lack of enzyme
