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Math > Bio Unit #1 test > Flashcards

Bio Unit #1 test Flashcards

1
Q

what are Monosaccharides?

A

Simple sugars eg.
Glucose
Mon= 1

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2
Q

How do Plants make sugar?

A

Photosynthesis

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3
Q

How is cellular respiration different for monosaccharides and disaccharides?

A

Monosaccharides: we eat sugar cells break down into carbon dioxide and water to gain energy.

Disaccharides: when we eat our body breaks them down into monosaccharides then break down to gain energy

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4
Q

what are Disaccharides? explain..?

A

made of two monosaccharides boned together
eg. sucrose or lactose
naturally found in some fruits

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5
Q

what are the three types of polysaccharides ( carbohydrates)

A

Cellulose
Glycogen ( processed foods)
Starch ( carbs)

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6
Q

what is Cellulose?

A

made out of glucose molecules bonded with long chains
eg. celery, broccoli, beans, peas

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7
Q

Starch

A

made of glucose in long chain
eg. potatoes, carrots, corn, peas
plants store extra sugar as starch to save for later
when we eat starch we break down to glucose

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8
Q

Glycogen (processed foods)

A

high in monosaccharides eg. donuts, cookies, cakes

High in polysaccharides eg. pasta, bread

excess glucose is stored as glycogen in muscle and liver cells

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9
Q

why do we need nutrients?

A

you need to consume that allows your body to function or work properly. it gives us the energy we need.

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10
Q

what is a saturated fat?

A

made from saturated fatty acids.
no double bonds, forms a straight chain
they are solid
an example found in meat and coco butter
this is less healthy

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11
Q

what is a unsaturated fat?

A

made from unsaturated fatty acids
have double bond and chain is bent
they are liquid
ex. avocado or nuts or olive oil

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12
Q

what is a Phospholipids?

A

2 fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to a glycerol
they are modified triglycerides

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13
Q

what are steroids?

A

lipids

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14
Q

how many amino acids are there?

A

22

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15
Q

What are the protein structure?

A

primary structure

secondary structure

tertiary structure

quaternary structure

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16
Q

what does the primary structure

A

it’s straight chain in a snake pattered

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17
Q

what does the secondary structure look like

A

these chain are folder two common alpha and beta sheet

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18
Q

Tertiary structure look like?

A

foled in more complex way. they are folded into globular.

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19
Q

what does the quaternary structure look like

A

what out of more than one folded polypeptide chain
it more than one globular together

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20
Q

what are the types of nucleic acids?

A

Deoxyribose- nucleic acid
Ribonucleic acid

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21
Q

what is the function of Deoxyribose- nucleic acid?

A

DNA is like a recipe book that hold the instructions for bulding proteins and other thing in the cell.

22
Q

what is the function of Ribonucleic acid?

A

carry DNA to the other parts of the cell

23
Q

what is base pairing

A

A with T: the purine adenine (A) always pairs with the pyrimidine thymine (T)

C with G: the pyrimidine cytosine (C) always pairs with the purine guanine (G)

24
Q

what can DNA nucleotides can have

A

A, G, C, T

25
Q

what can RNA nucleotides can have?

A

A,G,C,U

26
Q

what are two-ringed base are called?

A

purines

27
Q

what are one ringed base are called

A

pyrimidines

28
Q

why do you need nutients?

A

so your body can function or work properly
each person needs are different
culture, ecomc, social and psychological play a role in this

29
Q

identify foods that have different macros

A

fats- oil or nuts
proteins- meat
carbohydrates- candy or bread

30
Q

what are enzymes made of ?

A

enzymes is a molecular made of protein

31
Q

what is the function of enzymes?

A

they help speed chemcical reaction in the cells

32
Q

what are lipids?

A

Are fatty compound.
- help control what goes in and out of your cell
-they help with moving and storing energy, absorbing vitamins, and making hormones

33
Q

what phospholipids used for?

A

act as a barrier to protect the cell
allow cellular process to happen

34
Q

what are steroids are used for?

A

signal, developed, regulate
membrane traffic

35
Q

how many different levels of protein structure are there?

A

4

36
Q

how are protein and enzyme denatured?

A

-Hight temperature
-very high or low ph
-high salt concentration

37
Q

what is the difference essential and non essential amino acids?

A

non essential- body makes them
essential - eat form diet to get them

38
Q

what are the four types of macromolecules?

A

carbohydrates
protein
lipids ( fats)
nucleic acid

39
Q

what is the main function of carbohydrates?

A

provide quick energy
provide structure to cells and organisms, store energy

40
Q

what is the main function of lipids?

A

they help with moving and storing energy
absorbing vitamins
making hormones

41
Q

what is the main function of protein?

A

carry out nearly all the functions of the cell

42
Q

what is the main function of nucleic acid?

A

DNA :store genetic info
RNA: protein synthesis

43
Q

why is a no fat diet not good?

A

there are some healthy fats your body needs. you will hurt your body in the long run

44
Q

why should runners do a carb load the night before a race?

A

max glycogen storage that can help runner increase endurance or delay fatigue

45
Q

when people straight there hair what happens to their hair?

A

Enzymes and proteins are being denatured bc of high temperature

46
Q

what structure is a phospholipid?

A

two hydrophobic tails

47
Q

where are monosaccharide naturally found?

A

Naturally found in fruit and vegies

48
Q

why can’t you digest cellulose?

A

we can’t digest or break down cellulose into glucose

49
Q

what macromolecules do human not get food from?

A

nucleotides

50
Q

what is the active cite?

A

an enzyme binds

51
Q

what is a substate?

A

a molecule were enzyme acts as catalyst

52
Q

what is lactose cause?

A

lack of enzyme

Math (7 decks)

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