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Math > Bio #5 > Flashcards

Bio #5 Flashcards

1
Q

what is Taxonomy?

A

the science of classifying organisms

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2
Q

what is the Name?

A

scientific name: First part: genus: first letter capitalized, can be written alone Second part: species: not capitalized, never written alone

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3
Q

what is Species?

A

a group of organisms with similar feature that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

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4
Q

what is the 7 levels of classification?

A

Kingdom,Phylum,Class,Order, Family, Genus, and Species

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5
Q

what are Prokaryotes?

A

All single cells, Archaea bacteria, No nucleus, Cell wall, Live in variety of environment, Were the first cells

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5
Q

what are Eukaryotes?

A

Single or multi celled, Plants, animals, Protist, fungi, Nucleus, Some have cell wall, Cillia ( some have)

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5
Q

what do both of the do?

A

Some eat other things, Both singled celled, Ribosomes, DNA cytoplasm, Not all cells have flagellum

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6
Q

How do eukaryotes reproduce?

A
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7
Q

what is Classification?

A

Bacteria classified based on their shape, Important prefixes: Mono, di, strep ( chain) and staph ( clump)e.g. Mono coccus: one spherical-shaped.

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8
Q

what is the Common shapes?

A

Cocci: spherical
Bacilli: rod like
Spirillii: spiral

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9
Q

what are the Five main groups of Bacteria?

A

Gram positive: postive charge from bacteria
Cyanobacteria (photosynthesis)
Protobacteria ( salmonella)
Chlamydia (parasitic)
Spirochetes ( spring)

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10
Q

what is Archaea?

A

Halophils ( salt lovers
)Thermophile ( high temp)
Methanogen ( anoxic)

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11
Q

what is Binary fission?

A

that is when a cell splitting into two identical cells the plasma membrane and cell wall grow,

DNA replicates
Chromosome is replicated and the chromosome move to different sides of the cell,

Protein band in the cell center,

Septum formation begins,

When the septum is complete,

the cells divide. Some will attach or some divide

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12
Q

what is Conjugation?

A

Transfer of genetic info between two cells that are physically interacting, Two cells line up a section if DNA is transferred from one cell to another ,The cell receiving the new DNA is no longer identical to the cell it came from, This transfer can be chromosome DNA and plasmid

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13
Q

How do they move?

A

Single flagellum, Cluster of flagellum, Pill

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14
Q

how do they see?

A

No eyes, Have receptors that can sense harmful bacteria

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15
Q

what is the Protist Kingdome?

A

one or more eukaryotic cells. , The three types:

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16
Q

what is Plant like protist?

A

Autotrophs, contain chlorophyll, Have cell wall, 2 major groups, they can change in size, They have similarities to plant cell: chloroplast to do photosynthesis to make food, and cell walls

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17
Q

what is Unicellular algae?

A

(phytoplankton) or Multicellular algae ( seaweed

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18
Q

what are the of plant like protistTypes?

A

Dinoflagellates: have flagella to move, Diatoms: silica in their cell walls, have beautiful patterns, Euglenoid: plant like features like chloroplast or flagella Green algae

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19
Q

how do plant like reproduce?

A

Asexually by mitosis

Sexual by environmental factors are unfavorable, Populations of haploid cell grows by repeated mitotic division, low nitrogen or other environmental change stimulates cells to develop into gametes.

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20
Q

What is Protozoan animal like ?

A

Animal like protist, Cannot produce their own food, they must consume other organisms, They also do not have cell wall, They have 2 nucleus: macronucleus: controlled the functions and micronucleus reproduction.

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21
Q

what are examples protozoan?

A

Ciliate: moves with cilia i.e paramecium Rhizopod: moves with cytoplasmic projection called pseudopods ( false feet) i.e Amoeba some pathogenic Flagellate: moves with a whip- like flagella i.e.. Giardia Lambia some parasitic Sporozoan: cannot move on their own, reproduce asexually with spores i.e Malaria: parasites

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22
Q

what is protozoan Reproduction Asexual?

A

asexual like alge during mitosis, . Two haploid micronuclei fuse. , The cell with 8 nuclei undergoes two round of cytokinesis to produce 4 mature cells that have 1 micronuclei and 1 macronucles

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23
Q

how do protozan sexual reproduction?

A

Sexual: two protozoans fussing together.

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24
Q

what is the genetic info combined?

A

Genetic info is combined from the two parents they will have offspring with different genetic make up,

25
Q

how does The cell with 8 nuclei undergoes two round of cytokinesis?

A

to produce 4 mature cells that have 1 micronuclei and 1 macronucles

26
Q

what is Fungus-like protists?

A
27
Q

what is the yeast?

A

Yeast produce asexual by budding: this is when a part pinches off a cell and develops into a cell, Sexual: fission between two cells and their nuclei. The genetic for the two cells are combined.

28
Q

what are types of moulds?

A

Hyphae: fuzzy or hairy appearance, Mycelium: a woven mass of hyphae, These are made of many Mould separate by wall

29
Q

what is the Plants and fungi?

A

: Eukaryotic, Multicellular, Reproduce asexually, Have cells wal

30
Q

what are Plants?

A

One nucleus, Autptrophs, Have root, Cellulose in cell wall, Reproduce by seeds

31
Q

what are Fungi?

A

Many nucli per cell, Heterotrophs, No root, Chilin in cell walls, No root

32
Q

what is reproduction?

A

asexual by spore they produce on their gills and the mushroom mature the mushroom release and opens up, and release into the air,

33
Q

what is Sexually?

A
34
Q

what is a Virus?

A

An infection particle that contains strands of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat- capsid. They are lacking cell organelles, cell membrane, and cytoplasm they are not alive bc they don’t have cell that way they are called particles. Responsible for human illness.

35
Q

what is the Epidemic?

A

. Epidemic: large scale outbreak in a restricted one geo region.

36
Q

what is the Pandemic?

A

large- scale outbreak many regions or whole world

37
Q

what is the lytic cycle:

A

Attachment: capsid latches onto host cell

Entry: virus injects DNA into the host cell Replication: host cell copied viral DNA and follows it’s instruction

Assembly: virus parts assemble into new virus

Lysis and release: cell burst open and virus spread to other cells.

38
Q

what is the Host range?

A

of cells, tissue or species that virus will attack. Viruses are difficult to treat: mutation. Antibiotic don’t work and some show no symptoms.

39
Q

what are Vaccines?

A

Vaccine injected, vaccine contains dead or weakened virus, immune system creates antibodies to the virus, body keeps a copy in case you get that virus, if you get that virus your immune system can fight it off easier.

40
Q

what are plasmids?

A

small circular piece of DNA.

41
Q

what are Capsule?

A

: outer membrane protects the genetic materials, bacteria build their own protein, and have their own ribosomes

42
Q

what is the Viral envelope?

A

lipid membrane around the capsid.

43
Q

what is Sporangium?

A

where spores are released into the air, When it lands the new mold grows as each spore divide by mitosis, They are haloid

44
Q

how does genetic info work in plant like?

A
45
Q

when does mating occurs for plant like?

A

mating occurs between gametes of opposite types, a diploid 2n dormant zygote forms develops a tough wall, the zygote divides by meiosis, yielding four haploid cells

46
Q

what is a disease caused by a virus?

A

Aids

47
Q

bacteria have adapted to live in?

A

any climate

48
Q

bacteriophages infect?

A

bacteria only

49
Q

which is a disease caused by fungi?

A

athlete feet

50
Q

anitbody is used to treat?

A

sterp throat

51
Q

do pill and cilia have similar function?

A

don’t have a similar function

52
Q

what is budding?

A

asexual reproduction in yeast

53
Q

what is hyphae?

A

branching filaments that make up mycelium of a fungus?

54
Q

what is zone of inhibition?

A

area where no bacteria growth occurs on an agar plate

55
Q

what is cyanobacteria?

A

bacteria that can make their own food using photosynthesis

56
Q

what is seaweed?

A

muliticelluar plant like protist

57
Q

what is flagelate?

A

animal like protist that uses a flagelum for locomotion

58
Q

what is morphlogy?

A

the study and description of the structure and appearance of organisms

59
Q

what is bacili?

A

rod shaped bacteria

60
Q

what is halophile?

A

bacteria that thrive i enviroments while high salt concentration

61
Q

what is the cell wall?

A

antibiotics attacks this bacteria structure

62
Q

what is paramecium?

A

a hair like covering the body

Math (7 decks)

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