Biology Test Two After Quiz Two - Body Systems

Question 1

This order of crustacea has barnacles that are sessile as adults but free swimming larvae and are hermaphroditic and some have stalks

Answer 1

cirripedia

Question 2

class of arthropods that includes insects which is the largest group of animals and there are about one billion billion insects alive at any one time

Answer 2

hexapoda

Question 3

three body regions of insects

Answer 3

head, thorax, abdomen

Question 4

these permeate all tissues in insects to breathe

Answer 4

tracheae

Question 5

This class of arthropods have no tagmata and include centipedes and millipedes and have bodies with a head followed by numerous segments

Answer 5

myriapoda

Question 6

this phylum is an ancient group of marine animals with about 6000 species and are deuterostomes and have an endoskeleton

Answer 6

echinodermata

Question 7

the blank of echinoderms are bilaterally symmetrical and blank symmetrical as adults which means blank lines

Answer 7

larvae, pentaradial, five

Question 8

echinoderms have an endoskeleton made of calcite plates called blank

Answer 8

endoskeletons, ossicles

Question 9

echinoderms have blank so they can change shape and drop body parts

Answer 9

mutable collagenous tissue

Question 10

papulae are the same as

Answer 10

tube feet

Question 11

there are more than blank extinct classes of echinoderms

Answer 11

20

Question 12

there are five classes of echinoderms and they are

Answer 12

asteroidea, crinoidea, echinoidea, holothuroidea, ophiuroidea

Question 13

this class of echinoderm includes seas stars and sea daisies

Answer 13

asteroidea

Question 14

this class of echinoderms includes sea lillies and feather stars

Answer 14

crinoidea

Question 15

this class of echinoderms includes sea urchins and sand dollars

Answer 15

echinoidea

Question 16

this class of echinoderms includes sea cucumbers

Answer 16

holothuroidea

Question 17

this class of echinoderms includes brittle stars

Answer 17

ophiuroidea

Question 18

The chordates nearest relative is the blank

Answer 18

echinoderms

Question 19

Five features characterize chordates and they are

Answer 19

nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal slits, postanal tail, endostyle

Question 20

turned into the spinal cord

Answer 20

nerve cord

Question 21

turgid cord of cells wrapped with connective tissue that turned into the spinal column

Answer 21

notochord

Question 22

gill arches that form bones in ears

Answer 22

pharyngeal slits

Question 23

manages iodine metabolism and turns into the thyroid gland

Answer 23

endostyle

Question 24

three subphyla of the chordata phylum

Answer 24

cephalochordata, urochordata, vertebrata

Question 25

subphylum of chordata that have all chordate characteristics throughout lifetime but no anterior sense organs or brain

Answer 25

cephalochordata

Question 26

oldest chordate which was a cephalochordate

Answer 26

pikaia

Question 27

subphylum of chordata that includes tunicates and are marine animals with tadpolelike larvae and adults typically lose the tail, nerve chord, and notochord

Answer 27

urochordata

Question 28

urochordata often secrete a blank which is a cellulose sac that surrounds the animal

Answer 28

tunic

Question 29

subphylum of chordates that includes vertebrates and an endoskeleton made of cartilage or bone

Answer 29

vertebrata

Question 30

chordates with a spinal column

Answer 30

vertebrates

Question 31

most diverse vertebrate group including half of all vertebrates

Answer 31

fishes

Question 32

five characteristics of fishes

Answer 32

vertebral column, jaws and paired appendages, internal gills, single loop blood circulation, nutritional deficiencies

Question 33

the first fishes had blank but no blank

Answer 33

mouths, jaws

Question 34

first fishes that had bony plates and are now extinct

Answer 34

ostracoderms

Question 35

first fishes that have no jaws that still exist today

Answer 35

hagfish and lampreys

Question 36

the development of jaws occurred in the late blank period

Answer 36

silurian

Question 37

fishes were the first vertebrates to develop blank

Answer 37

teeth

Question 38

these two things make up shark scales and all teeth

Answer 38

dentin and enamel

Question 39

fishes have a blank system that is a series of sensory organs under the skin that detects changes in pressure waves

Answer 39

lateral line

Question 40

first jawed fish came about during the blank perdio

Answer 40

devonian

Question 41

first jawed fish that was spiny

Answer 41

acanthodii

Question 42

first jawed fish that were armored

Answer 42

placodermi

Question 43

in this period, sharks became the dominant sea predators

Answer 43

carboniferous

Question 44

chondro means

Answer 44

cartilage

Question 45

ichthyes means

Answer 45

fish

Question 46

the most species rich group of all vertebrates

Answer 46

bony fishes

Question 47

a gas filled sac that allows bony fishes to regulate their buoyant density

Answer 47

swim bladder

Question 48

a hard plate that covers the gills

Answer 48

operculum

Question 49

the felxing of this permits water pumping over the gills

Answer 49

gill cover

Question 50

group of bony fishes that are ray finned and there are no muscles in the fins

Answer 50

actinopterygii

Question 51

group of bony fishes that are lobe finned and have paired fins that consist of a long fleshy muscular lobe

Answer 51

sarcopterygii

Question 52

sarco means

Answer 52

flesh

Question 53

damp skinned vertebrates and were the first vertebrates to walk on land

Answer 53

amphibians

Question 54

Three adaptations of amphibians

Answer 54

legs, lungs, system to prevent desiccation

Question 55

amphibians reproduce where?

Answer 55

H2O

Question 56

this word means “drying out”

Answer 56

desiccation

Question 57

amphibians evolved from blank

Answer 57

lobe finned fish

Question 58

Three bones that are found in bony fishes and amphibians today

Answer 58

humerus, femur, radius

Question 59

modern amphibians come from the blank period

Answer 59

tertiary

Question 60

Three orders of today’s amphibians

Answer 60

anura, caudata, and apoda

Question 61

order of amphibians that means without tail

Answer 61

anura

Question 62

frogs and toads are part of this order of amphibians…

Answer 62

anura

Question 63

type of fertilization in anura

Answer 63

external

Question 64

order of amphibians that includes salamanders and larvae are similar to adults

Answer 64

caudata

Question 65

type of fertilization in caudata

Answer 65

internal

Question 66

order of amphibians that includes caecilians and lay their eggs underground and are legless burrowers

Answer 66

apoda

Question 67

animals that evolved from amphibians and all have one major thing in common because the amniotic egg has blank membranes

Answer 67

amniotes, four

Question 68

This includes mammals, birds, and reptiles

Answer 68

amniotes

Question 69

amniotes have a blank egg with an amnion and yolk sac

Answer 69

water tight

Question 70

these animals dominated earth for 250 million years and there are 7000 species today on earth

Answer 70

reptiles

Question 71

type of breathing that increases lung capacity by chest moving

Answer 71

thoracic breathing

Question 72

type of fertilization in reptiles

Answer 72

internal

Question 73

reptiles have blank circulation than amphibians

Answer 73

better

Question 74

class of reptiles that are shelled, have a solid skull, have beaks but no teeth. includes turtles

Answer 74

testudina

Question 75

in turtles, what structures creates the shell

Answer 75

the ribs

Question 76

order of Lepidosauria that has two species of tuataras which are large lizard like animals found in New Zealand

Answer 76

Rhynchocephalia

Question 77

Order of Lepidosauria that are reptiles that have lizards and snakes and has a light skull with many openings and joints and have a forked penis called a blank

Answer 77

squamata, hemopenes

Question 78

Class of reptiles that are the ruling reptiles and are the first bipedal vertebrates

Answer 78

archosauria

Question 79

means walks on two legs

Answer 79

bipedal

Question 80

Two groups of archosauria that live today

Answer 80

aves, crocodilia

Question 81

blank were the first bipedal vertebrates

Answer 81

dinosaurs

Question 82

an archosauria that has 25 species are primarily aquatic and are carnivorous with a strong compact skull

Answer 82

crocodylia

Question 83

group of archosauria that includes birds which are direct descendants of dinosaurs and are the most diverse terrestrial vertebrates

Answer 83

aves

Question 84

first bird had how many fingers plus a wing

Answer 84

three

Question 85

the most alike part of birds to dinosaurs

Answer 85

scaly legs

Question 86

birds are most similar to

Answer 86

crocodiles

Question 87

Three things making birds special

Answer 87

feathers, hollow skeleton, efficient circulation, efficient respiration, endothermy

Question 88

means that body temperature permits higher metabolic rate

Answer 88

endothermy

Question 89

Three mammalian ancestors

Answer 89

pelycosaurs, therapsis, mammalia

Question 90

first succesful large land vertebrates which is a mammalian ancestor and is reptile like but has a mammalian skull

Answer 90

pelycosaurs

Question 91

mammalian ancestor that had a mammal like skeleton and were replaced by dinosaurs

Answer 91

therapsids

Question 92

pelycosaurs had a blank

Answer 92

mammalian skull

Question 93

two fundamental traits of mammals

Answer 93

hair and mammary glands

Question 94

these secrete milk in female mammals

Answer 94

mammary glands

Question 95

milk comes from the same gland as blank

Answer 95

sweat

Question 96

important charactertic of heart in mammals

Answer 96

four chambered heart

Question 97

respiration advantage in mammals structure

Answer 97

diaphragm

Question 98

the amniotic egg inside a human uterus

Answer 98

placenta

Question 99

group of mammals that lay eggs and have a cloaca for digestion and reproduction

Answer 99

monotremes

Question 100

example of a monotreme with a cloaca

Answer 100

duck billed platypus

Question 101

group of mammals that includes kangaroos and opossums and have a pouch

Answer 101

marsupials

Question 102

type of mammal that produce a placenta that nourishes the fetus and includes most living mammals

Answer 102

placental

Question 103

group of mammals that have grasping fingers and toes with binocular vision and includes monkeys and gorillas

Answer 103

primates

Question 104

earliest primates split into these two groups

Answer 104

anthropoids and prosimians

Question 105

this group of primates are nocturnal and include lemurs and tarsiers

Answer 105

prosimians

Question 106

this group of primates include monkeys, apes, and humans

Answer 106

anthropoids

Question 107

group of anthropoids that includes humans and apes

Answer 107

hominoids

Question 108

group of hominoids that are paraphyletic and include gorillas, chimpanzees, gibbons, orangutans

Answer 108

apes

Question 109

group of hominoids that includes humans and australopithecus

Answer 109

hominids

Question 110

hominoids that evolved about 2 mya and had a large brain and were the first humans

Answer 110

Homo

Question 111

All homos are extinct except for blank

Answer 111

sapiens

Question 112

Four levels of organization of the vertebrate body

Answer 112

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

Question 113

How many cell types does a human have

Answer 113

210

Question 114

groups of cells that are similar in structure and function

Answer 114

tissue

Question 115

are combinations of different tissues that form a structural and functional unit

Answer 115

organ

Question 116

organs are combinations of blank tissues

Answer 116

different

Question 117

groups of organs that cooperate to perform the major activities of the body

Answer 117

organ systems

Question 118

how many organ systems in a vertebrate body

Answer 118

11

Question 119

11 organ systems put together equals blank

Answer 119

organism

Question 120

vertebrates have a blank within a blank body plan

Answer 120

tube

Question 121

how many body cavities in a vertebrate

Answer 121

several

Question 122

body cavity that is within the skull and vertebrae and includes brain and spinal cord

Answer 122

dorsal

Question 123

body cavity that is bounded by the rib cage and vertebral column that includes heart, liver, intestine, stomach, kidneys, etc.

Answer 123

ventral

Question 124

four primary tissues in adult vertebrates

Answer 124

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

Question 125

primary tissue that covers exposed surfaces of the vertebrate body and provides a protective barrier and can be membranes and glands

Answer 125

epithelial

Question 126

all germ layers have this primary tissue

Answer 126

epithelium

Question 127

the epithelium has blank

Answer 127

polarity

Question 128

two sides of epithelium

Answer 128

basal surface and apical surface

Question 129

side of epithelium that is the secured side

Answer 129

basal

Question 130

side of the epithelium that is the free side

Answer 130

apical

Question 131

blank layers of epithelial tissue allows for absorption and diffusion

Answer 131

one

Question 132

blank layers of epithelial tissue creates a dense barrier to abrasion and chemicals

Answer 132

several

Question 133

this cell size of epithelial tissue allow for materials to diffuse through

Answer 133

flat cells

Question 134

this cell size of epithelial tissue have more organelles and can process more materials

Answer 134

thick cells

Question 135

these form from invaginated epithelia and can be exocrine or endocrine

Answer 135

glands

Question 136

gland that produces a product like sweat and secretes it into a duct

Answer 136

exocrine

Question 137

gland that is ductless and secretions enter the blood

Answer 137

endocrine

Question 138

this tissue is divided into two major classes and come from mesoderm and have abundant extracellular material

Answer 138

connective

Question 139

class of connective tissue that is loose dense and adipose

Answer 139

connective tissue proper

Question 140

class of connective tissue that includes cartilage, bone, and blood

Answer 140

special connective tissue

Question 141

connective tissue consists of two major things

Answer 141

matrix and cells

Question 142

extracellular material found in connective tissue that can be made of protein fibers, gels, salts, fluids, fats, etc.

Answer 142

matrix

Question 143

connective tissue blanks make matrix

Answer 143

cells

Question 144

cells that produce and secrete protein fibers in extracellular matrix in connective tissue. These fibers include collagen fibers and elastic fibers.

Answer 144

fibroblasts

Question 145

type of connective tissue proper that has more collagen than loose connective tissue and has less gel

Answer 145

dense connective tissue

Question 146

type of connective tissue proper that has little collagen and a lot of gel

Answer 146

loose connective tissue

Question 147

collagen fibers that are parallel create

Answer 147

tendons/ligaments

Question 148

collagen fibers that are in many different directions are very blank and in the blank of skin

Answer 148

tough, dermis

Question 149

this type of connective tissue proper also occurs in loose connective tissue and is also known as fat cells

Answer 149

adipose

Question 150

cartilage is a blank connective tissue

Answer 150

special

Question 151

cartilage cells are called

Answer 151

chondrocytes

Question 152

chondroitin and collagen/elastin fibers make up the blank

Answer 152

matrix

Question 153

flexible with great tensile strength and is a tissue found in joint surfaces

Answer 153

cartilage

Question 154

bone is a blank connective tissue

Answer 154

special

Question 155

tissue that is hardened with calcium phosphate salts around collagen fibers

Answer 155

bone

Question 156

bone cells are called

Answer 156

osteocytes

Question 157

blood is a blank connective tissue

Answer 157

special

Question 158

extracellular material is the fluid plasma and they can be red white or platelets and is a tissue

Answer 158

blood

Question 159

extracellular material of blood

Answer 159

plasma

Question 160

leukocytes are what kind of blood cells

Answer 160

white

Question 161

erythrocytes are what kind of blood cells

Answer 161

red

Question 162

muscle tissue that lines blood vessels and visceral organs, are mono-nucleated, and involuntary

Answer 162

smooth muscles

Question 163

muscle tissue that is attached to bone by tendons, voluntary, striated and cells are long/multi-nucleated

Answer 163

skeletal muscles

Question 164

type of muscle tissue found the heart only and is mono-nucleated and muscle cells form from a single functioning unit

Answer 164

cardiac muscle

Question 165

interconnections of cardiac muscle are called

Answer 165

intercalated disks

Question 166

nerve tissue that consists of three parts

Answer 166

neurons

Question 167

three parts of neurons

Answer 167

cell body, axon, dendrites

Question 168

contains the nucleus in neurons

Answer 168

cell body

Question 169

single cytoplasmic extension in neurons that takes impulses away from cell body

Answer 169

axon

Question 170

highly branched extensions of neurons that take impulses toward the cell body

Answer 170

dendrites

Question 171

this type of nerve tissue does not conduct electrical impulses and it supports and insulates neurons and form an insulated cover called the blank

Answer 171

neuroglia, myelin sheath

Question 172

a

Answer 172

aa

Question 173

organ systems that detects external stimuli and coordinate body’s responses and are involved in communication and integration

Answer 173

nervous, sensory, endocrine

Question 174

organ system that provides support and movement

Answer 174

musculoskeletal

Question 175

organ systems that are involved in regulation and maintenance like maintaining the body’s chemistry

Answer 175

digestive, circulatory, respiratory, urinary systems

Question 176

organ systems that deal with bodily defense

Answer 176

integumentary and immune

Question 177

organ system that is involved in reproduction and development and nurtures the developing embryo and fetus as well as the continuance of genes

Answer 177

reproductive system

Question 178

the dynamic constancy of the internal environment is called

Answer 178

homeostasis

Question 179

two things that need to remain relatively constant in the body

Answer 179

water in cells, temperature

Question 180

the body uses these mechanisms to maintain homeostasis

Answer 180

negative feedback

Question 181

6 steps of negative feedback

Answer 181

stimulus, sensors, integrating center, effector, response, sensor reset

Question 182

negative feedback loops often oppose each other to produce finer degree of control called blank

Answer 182

antagonistic effectors

Question 183

This type of feedback does not maintain homeostasis

Answer 183

positive

Question 184

examples of positive feedback in body

Answer 184

clotting and contraction of uterus during childbirth

Question 185

the rate of any chemical reaction is affected by blank

Answer 185

temperature

Question 186

three things that determine body temperature

Answer 186

behavior, metabolism, environment

Question 187

Four mechanisms of heat transfer

Answer 187

radiation, conduction, convection, evaporation

Question 188

mechanism of heat transfer that deals with electromagnetivity

Answer 188

radiation

Question 189

mechanism of heat transfer that is directly between two objects

Answer 189

conduction

Question 190

mechanism of heat transfer that is by the movement of a gas or liquid

Answer 190

convection

Question 191

mechanism of heat transfer that is the conversion of water to gas

Answer 191

evaporation

Question 192

Three classes of organisms that generate heat in different ways

Answer 192

endotherms, ectotherms, heterotherms

Question 193

organism that use metabolism to generate body heat and maintain temperature above ambient temperature

Answer 193

endotherms

Question 194

these organisms produce no heat so they have low metabolic rates

Answer 194

ectotherms

Question 195

ectotherms regulate temperature using blank

Answer 195

behavior

Question 196

heat exchange that ectotherm marine animals use to limit heat loss in cold water

Answer 196

countercurrent blood flow

Question 197

warm blood is pumped from within the body in arteries warms the cooler blood returning from the skin within veins… this is called

Answer 197

countercurrent heat exchange

Question 198

how endotherms cool themselves down

Answer 198

panting or sweating

Question 199

this increases blood flow which increases heat dissipation

Answer 199

vasodilation

Question 200

decreases blood flow which limits heat loss

Answer 200

vasoconstriction

Question 201

blank animals have higher metabolism to keep warm

Answer 201

smaller

Question 202

blank animals have lower metabolic rates to retain heat better

Answer 202

large

Question 203

tissue that forms the outer protective covering of a plant organ

Answer 203

dermal tissue

Question 203

fills the interior of a plant organ; photosynthesizes and stores the products of photosynthesis

Answer 203

ground tissue

Question 204

tissue that transports water and sugar, the product of photosynthesis, in a plant and provides support

Answer 204

vascular tissue

Question 205

root xylem and phloem are in a ring in the root of a blank

Answer 205

monocot

Question 206

the root phloem is between the arms of xylem in roots of blank

Answer 206

eudicots

Question 207

the vascular bundles are scattered in the stems of blank

Answer 207

monocots

Question 208

the vascular bundles are in a distinct ring in blank

Answer 208

eudicots

Question 209

a carrot is an example of a blank

Answer 209

taproot

Question 210

the growth between terminal bud scars is called a blank

Answer 210

twig

Question 211

use of energy metabolism to produce heat

Answer 211

thermogenesis

Question 212

thermoregulation is controlled by the blank

Answer 212

hypothalamus

Question 213

blank is used by us to keep us warm when cold

Answer 213

shivering

Question 214

in the hypothalamus there is a blank center that kicks in when the body temp increases

Answer 214

heat losing

Question 215

in the hypothalamus there is a blank center that kicks in when the body temp decreases

Answer 215

heat promoting

Question 216

these cause a rise in temperature in the body and produce a fever

Answer 216

pyrogens

Question 217

a state of dormancy of the body and an extreme case is blank

Answer 217

torpor, hibernation

Question 218

three groups of heteretrophs

Answer 218

herbivores, omnivores, carnivores

Question 219

eats hard animals

Answer 219

durophagous

Question 220

substances that an animal cannot manufacture for itself but are necessary for health

Answer 220

essential nutrients

Question 221

four essential nutrients

Answer 221

vitamins, amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, minerals

Question 222

specialization occurs when the digestive tract has a separate blank and blank

Answer 222

mouth, anus

Question 223

function is absorption in digestive system

Answer 223

small intestine

Question 224

function is to concentrate wastes in digestive system

Answer 224

large intestine

Question 225

function is waste storage and elimination in digestive system

Answer 225

cloaca

Question 226

four accessory organs of digestive system

Answer 226

salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Question 227

pancreas makes this which stops acid from stomach from breaking down the intestines

Answer 227

bicarbonate buffer

Question 228

four layers of gi tracts

Answer 228

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

Question 229

interior lining of the interior of mucosa

Answer 229

lumen

Question 230

most inside layer of gi tract

Answer 230

mucosa

Question 231

outside mucosa layer

Answer 231

submucosa

Question 232

outside of submucosa layer

Answer 232

muscularis

Question 233

outside of muscularis

Answer 233

serosa

Question 234

outer layer that produces sirrus fluid which lubricates innards so they don’t twist

Answer 234

serosa

Question 235

chewing is also called

Answer 235

mastication

Question 236

teeth are adapted depending on the blank source

Answer 236

nutritional

Question 237

how birds break up food

Answer 237

two chambered stomach

Question 238

muscular chamber that uses ingested pebbles to pulverize food… birds have this

Answer 238

gizzard

Question 239

tongue mixes food with blank

Answer 239

saliva

Question 240

moistens and lubricates food and has blank which breaks down starch

Answer 240

saliva, amylase

Question 241

salivation is controlled by

Answer 241

the nervous system

Question 242

these blocks the respiratory tract when swallowing food

Answer 242

glottis, epiglottis, larynx

Question 243

muscular action which moves food down to the stomach in the esophagus

Answer 243

peristalsis

Question 244

a processed lump of food

Answer 244

bolus

Question 245

has a blank layer of muscle for digestion

Answer 245

stomach, oblique

Question 246

the stomach has two kinds of secretory cells called

Answer 246

parietal and chief

Question 247

secretory cell in the stomach that secretes HCl and intrinsic factor

Answer 247

parietal

Question 248

mixture of partially digested food and gastric juice is called blank in stomach

Answer 248

chyme

Question 249

chyme leaves the stomach through the blank

Answer 249

pyloric sphincter

Question 250

three regions of small intestine

Answer 250

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 251

epithelial wall of small intestine is covered with blank

Answer 251

villi

Question 252

how long is small intestin

Answer 252

4.5 m

Question 253

increase surface area of small intestine so more nutrients can be grabbed

Answer 253

villi

Question 254

villi are covered by blank

Answer 254

microvilli

Question 255

increase the surface area of small intestine even more

Answer 255

microvilli

Question 256

blank carries products of small intestine

Answer 256

blood

Question 257

nothing we eat goes directly to heart or brain… it always go through the blank first

Answer 257

liver

Question 258

fatty acids and monoglycerides enter the blank system then later join the blank system

Answer 258

lymphatic, circulatory

Question 259

most nutrients are absorbed in the blank

Answer 259

small intestine

Question 260

fluid absorption efficiency as humans

Answer 260

99%

Question 261

diarrhea occurs from blank

Answer 261

not enough absorption by body

Question 262

the large intestine is also called the blank

Answer 262

colon

Question 263

two vestigial structures in large intestine

Answer 263

appendix and cecum

Question 264

blank percent of absorption occurs in the large intestine

Answer 264

4

Question 265

compacted feces are stored in the blank

Answer 265

rectum

Question 266

some vertebrates and monotremes have this where the urine and feces meet up

Answer 266

cloaca

Question 267

pancreatic fluid is secreted into the blank through the blank

Answer 267

duodenum, pancreatic duct

Question 268

proteins are broken down into blank by the pancreas

Answer 268

polypeptides

Question 269

polysaccharides are broken down into blank by the pancreas

Answer 269

sugars

Question 270

fats are broken down into blank by the pancreas

Answer 270

fatty acids/ monoglycerides

Question 271

the body’s largest internal organ

Answer 271

liver

Question 272

this secretes bile into the duodenum which is for the emulsification of fats

Answer 272

liver

Question 273

breakdown into smaller pieces

Answer 273

emulsification

Question 274

this functions by helping the liver by storing the bile and breaking down fats

Answer 274

gallbladder

Question 275

removes dead blood cells

Answer 275

liver

Question 276

produces most proteins found in plasma

Answer 276

liver

Question 277

regulates levels of steroid hormones

Answer 277

liver

Question 278

this organ regulates blood glucose

Answer 278

pancreas

Question 279

what the pancreas secretes that promotes the deposition of glycogen and fat

Answer 279

insulin

Question 280

this breaks down the glycogen and increases blood glucose

Answer 280

glucagon

Question 281

this decreases the amount of glucose in the blood

Answer 281

insulin

Question 282

All mammals rely on intestinal bacteria to make this

Answer 282

vitamin K

Question 283

Birds do not have vitamin K producing bacteria so

Answer 283

they have to eat their own vitamin k

Question 284

blank have a four chambered stomach

Answer 284

ruminants

Question 285

contents of four chambered stomach can be blank and rechewed called blank

Answer 285

regurgitated, rumination

Question 286

horses and rabbits digest cellulose in the blank

Answer 286

cecum

Question 287

animals that use a cecum practice blank

Answer 287

coprophagy

Question 288

the practice of eating feces to absorb nutrients the second passage of food

Answer 288

coprophagy

Question 289

a blank digestive system is less extensive because blank is easily digestible

Answer 289

carnivore, meat

Question 290

the stomach releases this which triggers the secretion of HCl and pepsinogen from the gastric glands

Answer 290

gastrin

Question 291

blank hormones produce CCK, secretin, and GIP

Answer 291

duodenal

Question 292

three hormones produced by duodenal

Answer 292

CCK, secretin, GIP

Question 293

stimulates gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion

Answer 293

CCK

Question 294

stimulates the secretion of pancreatic bicarbonate

Answer 294

Secretin

Question 295

inhibit stomach contractions and prevent additional chyme from entering the duodenum

Answer 295

duodenal hormones

Question 296

ingestion of food serves two primary functions

Answer 296

energy, raw material

Question 297

is the minimal amount of energy consumed under defined resting conditions

Answer 297

basal metabolic rate