Biology II Test Two - Cnidaria, Porifera, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Rotifera, Mollusca Flashcards
1
Q
Sponges are in phylum
A
Porifera
2
Q
Jellyfish and hydras are in phylum
A
Cnidaria
3
Q
Flatworms are in phylum
A
Platyhelminthes
4
Q
Roundworms are phyla
A
Nematoda
5
Q
Rotifers are in phyla
A
Rotifera
6
Q
Clams, snails, squid, oysters, scallops are in phyla
A
Mollusk a
7
Q
Earthworms and leeches are in phylum
A
Annelida
8
Q
Three types of mollusca
A
Bivalves, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda
9
Q
Both mollusk a and Annelida have
A
Bilateral symmetry, coelom, protostome, multicellular, and three germ layers.
10
Q
How many hearts of squid
A
Three
11
Q
Thin tissue that encloses visceral mass and may secrete. She’ll in mollusks
A
Mantle
12
Q
In mollusks that enclose the internal organs
A
Visceral mass
13
Q
How the clams filter feed with what structure inside shell
A
Siphon
14
Q
Cephalization is another term for blank
A
Had
15
Q
Segmented worms
A
Annelida
16
Q
Earthworms use what hairy structures to help them move
A
Setae
17
Q
Secretes mucus and holds worms together during mating
A
Clitellum
18
Q
Digestive system of earthworm in order
A
Pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard
19
Q
What earthworm eats
A
Detritus
20
Q
Little white structures that are part of earthworms excretory system
A
Nephridia
21
Q
In earth worm the seminal blanks are bigger than the seminal blanks
A
Vesicles bigger than receptacles
22
Q
A fold in worms that increase the intestines surface area
A
Typhlosole
23
Q
cells of animals are organized into blank and blank
A
tissues and tissue layers
24
Q
five key transitions noted in animal evolution
A
tissues, symmetry, body cavity, development, segmentation
25
sponges are these and they lack tissues and organs
parazoa
26
all other animals are these and they have distinct tissues
eumetazoa
27
which has symmetry? parazoa or eumetazoa
eumetazoa
28
the plane that bisects an animal with bilateral symmetry into two halves
mid-sagittal plan
29
two advantages of symmetry:
cephalization and greater mobility
30
how many germ layers produced by eumetazoa
three
31
body coverings and nervous system germ layer
ectoderm
32
skeleton and muscles germ layer
mesoderm
33
digestive organs and intestines
endoderm
34
space in between tissues, surrounded by mesoderm
coelom
35
body cavity between mesoderm and endoderm
pseudocoelomates
36
body cavity entirely within the mesoderm
coelomates
37
zygote dvides to form a blank
blastula
38
holllow ball of cells
blastula
39
this becomes an opening to the digestive system
blastopore
40
type of cleavange in protostomes and the cells move as they divide
spiral
41
type of cleavage in deuterostomes and cells stay in position as they divide
radial
42
determinate development becuase if you remove one cell, development ceases
protostomes
43
indeterminate development because embryonic cells can develop a new individual
deuterostomes
44
coelom forms simply and directly from splitting the mesoderm in
protostomes
45
coelom forms indirectly from outpocketing of the archenteron in
deuterostomes
46
blank evolved from blank about how many mya
deuterostomes....protostomes...500 mya
47
two advantages of segmentation
allows redundant organ systems, and allows for more efficient and flexible movement
48
lack symmetry and tissues
parazoa
49
have symmetry and tissues
eumetazoa
50
have two germ layers
diploblastic
51
have three germ layers
triploblastic
52
how are triploblastic animals divided today?
genetics
53
the animal kingdom is
monophyletic
54
two theories of where protists came from
multinucleate hypothesis, colonial flagellate hypothesis
55
which theory of where protists came from is supported by molecular systematics today
colonial flagellate hypothesis
56
enormous expansion of animal diversity in the Cambrian period
cambrian explosion
57
how did the cambrian explosion occur
the Hox developmental gene complex evolved
58
Fungi spores are always blank, no matter what
Haploid
59
Collemchyma, parenchyma, and sclerenchyma are all blank tissue
Ground
60
Leaves do not have blank
Pericycle
61
Phloem consists of blank
Sieve tube members
62
Blank causes seed germination
Gibberellic acid
63
What regulates direction of cell expansion in plants?
Direction of cellulose reinforcement
64
Phloem has cells separated by blank
Sieve plates
65
Root pressure can result in blank
Guttation
66
Root pressure is independent or dependent on transpiration
Independent
67
These promote lateral bud growth in branches
Cytokinins
68
Plants tolerate supercooling by increasing blank in blank
Saturated lipids in plasma membranes
69
Parazoans first separated from blank
Eumetazoans
70
larval sponges are different from adult sponges because they are
free-swimming
71
the inner layer of porifera contains blank
choanocytes which are also called collar cells
72
central layer of porifera which are gelatinous and are called blank
mesohyl
73
sponges digestion is known as blank
intracellular
74
type of digestion where each cell eats on its own
intracellular
75
where waste exits from the spong
osculum
76
Asexual reproduction of a sponge is called blank
fragmentation
77
larval sponges are produced by blank reproduction and use blank for swimming
sexual, cilia
78
have radial symmetry and two germ layers... examples are cnidaria and ctenophora
diploblasts
79
The layers of a diploblast are called
epidermis, gastrodermis, and in between is the mesoglea
80
the mesoglea is blank
noncellular
81
mostly all marine, have tissues but not organs, and are exclusively carnivorous
cnidaria
82
the largest organic structure in the world
great coral reef
83
these can reproduce by budding and either sexually or asexually
polyp
84
these cnidarians can only reproduce sexually
medusa
85
what kind of digestion do cnidarians have
extracellular
86
what kind of digestion do humans have
extracellular
87
blank have no circulatory, respiratory, or excretory systems
cnidaria
88
specialized stinging cells are blank
nematocytes
89
special type of nematocyte organelle that has a harpoon coated in poison
nematocyst
90
how many classes of cnidarians
5
91
small phylum whose members are called comb jellies
ctenophora
92
ctenophora propel themselves with eight rows of blank and have no blank
cilia, stinging cells
93
how do ctenophora capture prey?
colloblast
94
who's more complex, ctenophora or cnidaria?
ctenophora
95
blank are bilaterally symmetrical and are all triploblastic
bilateria
96
animals that have three tissue layers
triploblastic
97
what is in the inner endoderm
gut lining
98
what is in the outer ectoderm
skin and nervous tissue
99
what is in the middle mesoderm
muscle and bone
100
two major clades of protostomes
spiralians and ecdysozoans
101
clade of protostomes that grow by adding mass to an existing body and have spiral cleavage
spiralians
102
clade of protostomes that increase in size by molting their external skeletons
ecdysozoans
103
soft body animals that are protostome and acoelomates and have developed musculature
planarians
104
planarians have a blank body plan
simple
105
planarians have a blank way digestive system
two way
106
humans have a blank way digestive system
one way
107
what kind of cells function similar to a kidney and is involved in digestion in planarians
flame cells
108
when cut, planarians blank
regenerate
109
four classes of flatworms
turbellaria, trematoda, cercomeromorpha
110
free living lcass of flatworm
turbellaria
111
parisitic classes of flatworms
trematoda and ceromeromorpha
112
flukes that live as parasites in animals
trematoda
113
flukes of the genus schistosoma can caus schistosomiasis because they coat themselves with blank so they become blank invisible
antigens, immunologically
114
tapeworms are in the class blank
cercomeomorpha
115
tapeworms do not have a blank
digestive system
116
how many body zones of tapeworms
3
117
three zones of tapeworms
scolex, neck, proglottids
118
repetitive sections of tapeworms
proglottids
119
phylum that has roundworms in it and are bilaterally symmetrical
nematoda
120
how many times do nematoda molt cuticle?
four
121
the piercing organs that the mouth is equipped with in nematodes
stylets
122
two ways nematodes feed
parasites and active hunters
123
nematodes can cause these diseases in humans
trichinosis, intestinal roundworm, hookworm anemia
124
what causes trichinosis
trichinella
125
causes intestinal roundworm
ascaris
126
causes hookworm anemia
necator
127
phylum that has a brain, complex internal organs, and uses a corona for funneling food
rotifera
128
The coelom ate body design blanks the body fluid, allows for blank to develop, and allows for a blank body size
Repositions, complex tissues/organs, larger
129
The second most diverse phylum
Mollusca
130
Pearls are produced by blank
Oysters
131
Mother of pearl is produced by shells of blank
Abalone
132
Two mollusk pests
Zebra mussel and garden snails
133
Except for Cephalopoda, all mollusks have a blank circulatory system
Oprn
134
Mollusks have a blank for locomotion
Foot
135
Special excretory structures in mollusks that remove nitrogenous wastes
Nephridia
136
This word means internal organs/inside
Visceral
137
Mollusks produce a blank rich shell
Calcium carbonate
138
Tounge of mollusks
Radula
139
Radula has been modified into these four structures in mollusks
Beak, drill, poisonous dart, eliminated
140
Fertilization in mollusks
External
141
First larval stage of mollusk that is free swimming
Trochophores
142
Second larval stage of mollusks that is only in bivalves and Gastropoda
Veliger
143
How many classes of mollusks
8
144
Four classes of mollusks
Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, bivalves, cephalopoda
145
Chitons are these and they have oval bodies and are grazing herbivores
Polyplacophora
146
Class of mollusk that has snails and slugs, primarily marine, and undergo torsion and coiling
Gastropoda
147
Class of mollusks that has clams, scallops, and mussels and are sessile filter feeders
Bivalvia
148
Active marine predator mollusk class that have arms with suction cups and are very intelligent
Cephalopoda
149
Mantle cavity and anus are moved from the posterior to the front in Gastropoda
Torsion
150
Spiral winding of shell in Gastropoda
Coiling
151
It's muscle brings things together
Adductor
152
Squids have how many feet
10
153
Octopus has how many feet
8
154
Nautilus has how many feet
80-90
155
Many Cephalopoda have this to confuse predators
Ink sac
156
Cephalopoda change colors using these punches of pigments
Chromatophores
157
Annelid worms always exhibit blank
Segmentation
158
Segments are divided by blank in Annelida
Septae
159
Blank nerve cord connects to brain in Annelida
Ventral
160
Funnel shaped and part of excretory system in Annelida
Nephridia
161
Two classes of Annelida
Polychaeta and clitella
162
Class of Annelida that has paired parapodia and sexes are usually separate
Polychaeta
163
Polychaeta have these and are used in swimming and burrowing
Parapodia
164
Class of Annelida that Re mostly terrestrial and include earthworms and move using chaetae
Clitellata
165
Little chili outs bristles that anchor soil
Chaetae
166
Clitellata have parapodia t or f
F
167
Setae = blank
Chaetae
168
Secretes a mucus cocoon where the fertilized egg develops in clitellata
Clitellum
169
Member of clitellata that has no chaetae
Leech
170
Most successful phylum of all animals
Arthropoda
171
Percentage of Arthropoda are insects
80%
172
How many species of Arthropoda
1,000,000
173
Some segments are fused into blank in Arthropoda
Tagmata
174
Has an open circulatory system, compound eyes or single eyes,, nervous system, respiratory system, malpighinan tubules
Arthropods
175
Simple eyes of Arthropoda are called
Ocelli
176
Special part of arthropod respiratory system
Spiracles
177
Arthropoda undergo blank or molting
Ecdysis
178
Arthropoda is divided into these four classes
Chelicerata, myriapoda, Crustacea, Hexapoda
179
Class of Arthropoda that includes spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs and ticks
Chelicerata
180
How many tagmata of chelicerata
2
181
In chelicerata blank function as anterior appendages
Chelicerae
182
Posterior to chelicerae in chelicerata and resemble legs or maybe pincers
Pedipalpas
183
Two orders of chelicerata
Araneae and acari
184
Order of chelicerata that has spiders and about 35000 species
Araneae
185
Silk is forced out of blank in spiders
Spinnerets
186
All spiders have what
Poison glands
187
Order of chelicerata that has mites and ticks
Acari
188
Class of Arthropoda that are primarily aquatic and include crabs and shrimps lobsters and barnacles
Crustacea
189
How many tagmata of Crustacea
Three but front two may fuse
190
Most appendages of Crustacea are blank
Biramous
191
Means branches into two parts
Biramous
192
Most crustaceans have blank sexes
Separate
193
Evolved from a pair of limbs that took on a chewing function in Crustacea
Mandibles
194
Majority of Crustacea develop through a blank stage
Naupilus
195
Free swimming stage of Crustacea
Naupilus
196
Order of Crustacea that has ten feet and includes shrimp lobsters and crayfish
Decapoda
197
Paddle tail of Decapoda are called
Uropods
198
Order of Crustacea that includes barnacles and are hermaphroditic and have free swimming larvae but are sessile as adults
Cirripedia
199
Head and thorax combined in crayfish is called
Cephalothorax
200
The cephalothorax is covered by the blank
Carapace
201
How crayfish pee and from where
Green glands near the eyes
202
Stiffened and folded forward in crayfish identifying a male
Swimmerets
203
Grinds up food in crayfish stomach
Gastric mill
204
How grasshoppers hear
Tympanum
205
Female part used in mating
Ovipositors
206
Male part in mating
Claspers
207
Yellowish fatty tissue that covers internal organs of grasshopper
Fat body
208
Grasshopper has what kind of metamorphosis
Incomplete
209
Stomach of starfish that grabs victim
Cardiac
210
Stomach that completes digestion for starfish
Puloric
211
Brownish circular spot between two arms of starfish where water enters water vascular system
Sieve plate... Which is the madreporite
212
What is the function of the water vascular system
Locomotion
213
Water vascular system takes water to the blank which forces water into blank for locomotion
Ampulla, tube feet
