Biology-Test 2B

Question 1

Osmoregulation

Answer 1

1. Ability to maintain water within a cell

2. This process prevents excessive uptake or excessive loss of water.

Question 2

Transport Proteins

Answer 2

1. Are proteins in the cell membrane that help transport molecules, ions and other proteins across.
2. Usually these substances can not go through the cell membrane easily because of polarity and size.

Question 3

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 3

1. A TYPE of passive transport that does not require energy.
2. Facilitated Diffusion is transportation across a cell membrane via special Transport Proteins
3. because some molecules don’t easily go through plasma membrane.

Question 4

Active Transportation

Answer 4

1. Movement or transport of solute from it’s slow concentration to it’s high concentration. opposite of osmosis.
2. Need to go through a protein carrier(transport protein which REQUIRES ATP or energy.

Question 5

Endocsytosis

Answer 5

1. Occurs when large particles, or polar molecules that Cannot pass plasma membrane.
2. Plasma membrane extends outwards and surrounds the molecule/food particle.

Question 6

Types of Endocsytosis

Answer 6

1. Fagocytosis- fragment of organic matter.
2. Pinocytosis- liquid going in membrane
3. Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis- specific molecules fill out receptor proteins in plasma membrane, when pitt is filled then cell absorbs making a coated vesicle into the cell.

Question 7

Exocytosis

Answer 7

takes large bulk particles in the opposite manner of Endocytosis outside of the cell.

Question 8

kinetic Energy and Potential Energy

Answer 8

1. Energy of motion,

2. Energy that an object possesses. ready to use.

Question 9

Endergonic

Answer 9

potential energy, stored energy. also building bonds.usually make more complex compounds like glucose and other forms of energy.

Question 10

Exergonic

Answer 10

breaking chemical bonds. usually break into smaller compounds like Co2, water, light, and heat.

Question 11

Thermodynamics 2 laws

Answer 11

1. cannot create or destroy energy. All it does is it goes from one place to another.
2. Easier to destroy than to build. Takes a lot of work to build something and make it ordered (required Energy).

Question 12

ATP

Answer 12

Adenosine Triphospate, is the energy currency of cells. like a battery that can be recharged.

Question 13

Cellular respiration

Answer 13

1. Exergonic reaction
2. Process in which we eat food for energy to create ATP. (specially from glucose).
3. Powers most forms of cellular work.

Question 14

ATP Properties

Answer 14

composed of a Nitrogenous base, Ribose(five carbon sugar) and three phosphate groups. (negatively charged)

Question 15

ADP

Answer 15

is one phosphate chopped off from ATP which releases energy.

Question 16

Oxidation and Reduction

Answer 16

1. substances getting smaller, loss of electrons.
2. Gets bigger, gains electrons
   EX. NAD+ to NADH is reduction, getting bigger.