Biology - Plant Systems, Tissues, Cells Flashcards
Plant Systems
No need to move around for food (photosynthesis) so no need for complex systems
Performs some of same functions: reproduction, gas exchange, internal transportation system
Root System
Organs/parts usually that grow under the ground
Responsible for anchoring the plant to the ground, absorbing water and nutrients, and storage of food - glucose (ex. root vegetables)
Shoot System
Organs/parts that usually grow above the ground
Responsible for flower production (reproduction) and photosynthesis
Consists of leaves, flowers, and stems
Leaves
Photosynthesis; other functions - support, protection, reproduction/attraction
Photosynthesis
Chloroplasts absorb light energy and when combined with carbon dioxide and water, glucose (food) and oxygen is produced
light energy + carbon dioxide + water –> oxygen + glucose
Flowers
Reproduction - usually plants have female and male structures but some plants have separate individuals
Female organ: pistil - style, stigma, ovary (once egg/ovule is pollinated, it’ll become a seed in the fruit)
Male organ: stamen (where pollen is produced) - anther, filament
Stems
Functions: support and provides a way for transportation
Some stems are specialized for water or glucose storage (ex. cacti)
Dermal Tissue
Epidermal Tissue: thin layer of cells covering leaves, stems, and roots
- Root hairs are an extension of epidermal tissue to increase water/nutrient consumption
- Epidermal cover on leaves create waxy cuticle to prevent water loss
Vascular Tissue
Like circulatory system, it transports water, nutrients, and chemicals throughout the plant
Xylem
Elongated cells that, once matured, become hollow tubes with no organelles stacked end to end from roots to shoots - transports water from roots to leaves
Phloem
Transports sugars (from photosynthesis), hormones, and chemicals throughout the plant
Ground Tissue
Comprises of all the tissue between the dermal and vascular tissue
Functions:
In roots - stores carbohydrates
In stems - provides support and storage
In leaves - performs photosynthesis
Meristematic Cells
Like stem cells, can differentiate into different cell types (are the only plant cells that will continue to divide through its life)
Location of Meristematic Cells
Apical Meristem Tissue: located at the tip of shoots and roots, allowing plant to grow longer
Lateral Meristem Tissue: located in stem and roots, allowing plant to grow wider
Guard Cells
Because of leaves’ waxy cuticle preventing water loss, guard cells create openings called stomata to allow gases (CO₂) in for photosynthesis. Majority of stomata are located on the underside of leaves to prevent water loss (evaporation) and allow top side to be used for photosynthesis
