Biology paper 2

Question 1

Define homeostasis

Answer 1

The maintenance of constant internal environments

Question 2

What does the brain do in homeostasis?

Answer 2

The control centre of everything

Question 3

What does the nervous system do in homeostasis?

Answer 3

Controls heart rate, breathing, digestive system and urinary system

Question 4

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 4

A collection of glands which release hormones which control most things e.g. mood and reproduction

Question 5

Where is the pituitary gland?

Answer 5

Brain

Question 6

Where is the pancreas?

Answer 6

Behind the stomach

Question 7

Where is the thyroid?

Answer 7

In your neck

Question 8

Where is the adrenal gland?

Answer 8

By your kidneys

Question 9

Where are the ovaries?

Answer 9

Halfway between belly button and hips

Question 10

Where is the testis?

Answer 10

Hang below the penis

Question 11

How is blood glucose monitored?

Answer 11

Liver and insulin

Question 12

What happens if blood glucose is too high?

Answer 12

blood glucose too high the liver converts it to glycogen

Question 13

What is the menstrual cycle?

Answer 13

A build-up of blood in their uterus

Question 14

What is ovulation?

Answer 14

When an egg is released from the ovaries

Question 15

What is testosterone?

Answer 15

Hormone for hair production and muscle growth

Question 16

What is contraception?

Answer 16

Prevents pregnancy

Question 17

What happens when blood sugar levels are too low?

Answer 17

The liver converts its stores of glycogen into glucose

Question 18

What is the negative feedback loop?

Answer 18

When the reaction causes a decrease in the reaction

Question 19

What is FSH?

Answer 19

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Question 20

What is LH?

Answer 20

Leutenising Hormone

Question 21

What is oestrogen?

Answer 21

A Hormone that controls the menstrual cycle

Question 22

Where is FSH produced?

Answer 22

Pituitary gland

Question 23

Where does FSH act?

Answer 23

Acts on ovaries and causes eggs to mature

Question 24

Where is LH produced?

Answer 24

pituitary gland

Question 25

Where does LH act?

Answer 25

Causing the release of an egg

Question 26

Where is oestrogen produced?

Answer 26

Ovaries

Question 27

Where does oestrogen act?

Answer 27

Pituitary gland - stimulates the production of FSH and LH

Question 28

What is IVF?

Answer 28

In Vitro Fertilisation

Question 29

2 Positives of IVF?

Answer 29

- Helps the production of a baby | - Preimplantation diagnosis - checks for genetic diseases

Question 30

2 Negatives of IVF?

Answer 30

- Expensive | - A lot of drug usage with long term/ short term effects

Question 31

What is thyroxine?

Answer 31

Controls metabolic rate

Question 32

Where is thyroxine produced?

Answer 32

Thyroid glands

Question 33

Where does thyroxine act?

Answer 33

Heart, digestive system, brain and muscles

Question 34

What is adrenaline?

Answer 34

Responsible for fight or flight response

Question 35

Where is adrenaline produced?

Answer 35

Adrenal glands

Question 36

Where does adrenaline act?

Answer 36

Almost every organ

Question 37

How many cells are produced at the end of mitosis?

Answer 37

2

Question 38

How many cells are produced at the end of meiosis?

Answer 38

4

Question 39

What are male gametes in plants?

Answer 39

Pollen

Question 40

What are female gametes in plants?

Answer 40

Eggs

Question 41

What are male gametes in animals?

Answer 41

Sperm

Question 42

What are female gametes in animals?

Answer 42

Eggs

Question 43

What is the basic structure of DNA?

Answer 43

Double helix

Question 44

Define gene:

Answer 44

A section of DNA that controls for a characteristic

Question 45

Define genome:

Answer 45

All of the DNA within an organism

Question 46

Define gamete:

Answer 46

sex cells

Question 47

Define chromosome:

Answer 47

A long molecule of DNA

Question 48

Define allele:

Answer 48

Different versions of genes

Question 49

Define dominant:

Answer 49

Only needs one allele to be present for a phenotype

Question 50

Define recessive:

Answer 50

Two copies of the gene needed

Question 51

Define homozygous:

Answer 51

2 identical copies of the gene

Question 52

Define heterozygous:

Answer 52

Has different copies of the same gene

Question 53

Define genotype:

Answer 53

Your Genes

Question 54

Define phenotype:

Answer 54

Your characteristics

Question 55

What is polydactyly?

Answer 55

Is where you have extra toes or fingers

Question 56

Is polydactyly recessive or dominant?

Answer 56

Dominant

Question 57

What is cystic fibrosis?

Answer 57

A mutation in a gene which causes a build-up of mucus in the lungs

Question 58

Is cystic fibrosis recessive or dominant?

Answer 58

Recessive

Question 59

How many pairs of chromosomes are in the human body cell?

Answer 59

23 pairs

Question 60

What sex is XX?

Answer 60

Female

Question 61

What sex is XY?

Answer 61

Male

Question 62

Define evolution:

Answer 62

Where species gradually change over time

Question 63

Define natural selection:

Answer 63

The process in which species can evolve

Question 64

What is speciation?

Answer 64

The development of a new species

Question 65

What evidence is there for evolution?

Answer 65

Fossil record

Question 66

How do fossils arise?

Answer 66

From the bones and hard parts of a body

Question 67

What is extinction?

Answer 67

The process by which species die out

Question 68

What can lead to extinction?

Answer 68

- hunting - increased number of prey - decrease in food - change in environment

Question 69

Why can bacteria evolve quickly?

Answer 69

Very fast division, divide every 20 minutes

Question 70

What is MRSA?

Answer 70

Multidrug-resistant bacteria

Question 71

Why is the development of antibiotics so slow?

Answer 71

- It takes a long time to find new compounds | - Little incentive for drug companies

Question 72

Define ecosystem:

Answer 72

A community of organisms and their environments

Question 73

Define community:

Answer 73

A group of organisms all living in the same place

Question 74

Define interdependence:

Answer 74

Where two or more organisms are reliant on each other

Question 75

Define competition:

Answer 75

A number of organisms all competing for the same resource

Question 76

What does an organism need to reproduce and survive?

Answer 76

food, water, air, light, suitable habitat

Question 77

What do different organisms compete for?

Answer 77

food, water, light and space

Question 78

Define abiotic factor:

Answer 78

Non-living - chemical or physical factors that affect the ecosystem

Question 79

list eight abiotic factors:

Answer 79

light intensity, PH, wind, CO2, O2, temperature, water level and ion concentration

Question 80

How can a change in abiotic factors affect the community?

Answer 80

E.g. too little water = organisms die

Question 81

Define biotic factors:

Answer 81

Living components

Question 82

list 3 biotic factors:

Answer 82

Food, predators, pathogens

Question 83

Define adaptation:

Answer 83

Change in characteristics to suit the environment

Question 84

Why do animals need to adapt?

Answer 84

To survive

Question 85

Define extremophile:

Answer 85

An organism that likes extreme conditions

Question 86

Where does energy in a food chain come from?

Answer 86

The sun

Question 87

Define a producer:

Answer 87

The plant or bacteria that is the first part of a food chain

Question 88

Primary consumer:

Answer 88

A Herbivore that feeds on plants

Question 89

Secondary consumer:

Answer 89

Carnivores or Omnivores

Question 90

Tertiary consumer:

Answer 90

The topmost level in a food chain

Question 91

3 Different regions of the brain:

Answer 91

- Cerebral cortex - Cerebellum - Medulla

Question 92

What is meiosis?

Answer 92

A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes

Question 93

What is mitosis?

Answer 93

A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth

Question 94

What was Darwin's theory?

Answer 94

That evolution is gradual over time

Question 95

What was wrong with Darwin's theory?

Answer 95

It went against God

Question 96

What is Lamarck's theory?

Answer 96

That you acquire new characteristics over a lifetime which are then past on to the next generation