Biology - Organ Systems Flashcards
What diseases can you get in the arteries?
arteriosclerosis: and peripheral vascular disease
What diseases can you get in the veins?
varicose veins and deep vein thrombosis
What is hypertension?
high blood pressure
What is atherosclerosis?
thickening of arterial walls that narrows the passageway inside veins and arteries
What are the types of cancer screening?
Physical exams, colonoscopy
For women: PAP smears (cervical cancer), mammograms (breast cancer)
For men: blood test/digital rectal (prostate cancer)
What are biophotonics?
medical procedures and devices using light teach to work with living systems
What is an ultrasound?
Sound waves are used to be able to observe a fetas while avoiding harmful imaging options. These waves don’t penetrate deeply into tissues but show abnormalities in early development
What is an endoscopy?
an illuminated usually fiber-optic flexible or rigid tubular instrument for visualizing the interior of a hollow organ or part (as the bladder or esophagus) for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes that typically has one or more channels to enable passage of instruments
What causes disease?
Pathogens (disease-causing agents)
What is the first line of defence of the body?
organs that prevent diseases from entering the body (ex. the skin)
What is the second line of defence of the body?
immune system: attacks and destroys harmful invaders: fluid containing white blood cells called phagocytes (surface proteins on them detect foreign substances) is sent to the infected area and cause swelling, fighting the infection
What is the third line of defence of the body?
bone marrow: produces white blood cells and disease-fighting molecules including antibodies, preventing invaders from spreading to infect rest if the body or send messages through different parts of immune system
What are stem cells?
the animal version of meristematic cells; more are produced to allow for growth of animal - sometimes allows for regrowth of limbs
What are totipotent stem cells?
they are found in early development human embryos and can become any type of cell (ex. zygotes [fertilized egg] and early embryonic cells)
What are pluripotent stem cells?
they are found in later embryonic development and are less versatile than totipotent stem cells: can become almost any cell (ex. late embryonic cell)
