Acids and Bases Flashcards
What do acids taste like?
Acids taste sour
What effect do acids have on litmus paper?
They turn blue litmus paper red and have no effect on red litmus paper
What effect do acids have on Phenolphthalein (ppt)?
ppt is colourless in acids
Do acids corrode metals?
Yes, acids corrode metal and hydrogen is given off in the process, but only in aqueous forms (as liquids)
What do bases taste like?
Bases taste bitter
What effect do bases have on litmus paper?
Bases turn red litmus paper blue (BRB) and don’t affect blue litmus paper
What effect do bases have on Phenolphthalein (ppt)?
ppt is pink in bases
Do bases corrode metal?
No, bases do not corrode metal
Do dry acids and bases show their properties?
No, only liquid acids and bases show their properties
What is an indicator?
Indicators are chemicals that change colour when acids and bases are added. These are used to test whether a substance is an acid or a base.
List three common household acids
vinegar, citric acid and aspirin
List three common household bases
baking soda, tonic water and soap
What do acids produce in solution?
Acids are substances that produce hydrogen ions [H+(aq) and H3O (aq) / hydronium] in solution
What do bases produce in solution?
Bases are substances that produce hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution
Do acids and bases conduct electricity?
Yes, they do.
How do you identify an acid from its formula?
All acids start with an H
How do you identify a base from its formula?
All bases end in OH
What is a binary acid?
An acid composed of 2 elements: hydrogen and a non-metal.
How do you name binary acids?
hydro + root of non-metal + “ic” + acid
What is an oxoacid?
An acid composed of hydrogen, oxygen and another element (hydrogen and a polyatomic ion)
How do you name oxoacids with polyatomic ions that end with “ate”?
root of the polyatomic ion (remove “ate”) + “ic” + acid
How do you name oxoacids with polyatomic ions that end in “ite”?
root of the polyatomic ion (remove “ite”) + “ous” + acid
When can you use IUPAC to name an acid?
IUPAC can be used to name any oxoacid
What is the formation of IUPAC?
aqueous + hydrogen + full name of polyatomic anion
How do you find the formula of an acid?
Use the crossover method for charges.
How do you name a base?
name of metal + hydroxide
How do you find the formula of a base?
Use the crossover method for charges.
What is pH?
A measure of how acidic or alkaline a substance is.
What does pH stand for?
potential of Hydrogen
What pH values do acids have?
Acids have pH values under 7
What pH values do bases have?
Bases have pH values over 7
What does it mean if a substance has a pH of 7?
It is neither acidic nor alkaline, but neutral.
What is [H+] on the pH scale and how do you write it?
The H+ is the concentration of hydrogen ions. You write 10 with a negative power of whatever the pH of the substance is. (Ex. 10 to the power of -5)
What is the strongest acidic pH?
0
What is the strongest basic pH?
14
What is the weakest acidic pH?
As close to seven as possible while remaining less than 7.
What is the weakest basic pH?
As close to seven as possible while remaining higher than 7.
What is the dissociation constant?
A percentage expressing the strength of an acid or a base. This is based on how distant its pH is from 7. The farther away, the higher the dissociation constant. The higher the dissociation constant, the stronger the acid or base.
What colour is bromothymol blue in acids?
yellow
What colour is bromothymol blue in bases?
blue
What colour is bromothymol blue in a neutral solution?
blue
What colour is ppt in a neutral solution?
colourless
