Biology Midterm Flashcards
Cells in multicellular organisms have many different sizes and shapes. These differences in cells is called cell specialization. Cell specialization allows cells to…
Perform different functions
What is metabolism?
The sum of all chemical reactions taking place in an organism
The basic unit of length in the metric system is the…
Meter
True or false. Living systems are all composed of two or more cells.
False
Suppose that a scientist proposes a hypothesis about how a newly discovered virus affects humans. Other virus researchers would likely…
Design new experiments to test the hypothesis
To be scientifically valid, a hypothesis must be…
Testable and falsifiable
All of the following factors contribute to Earth's climate except: Shape and elevation of land masses Transport of heat by winds Latitude Longitude
Longitude
The energy that powers the flight of an eagle
Came originally from the Sun and will eventually return to space
Corn planted in a field that has been previously planted with legumes and then plowed under is likely to be…
More productive because the bacteria living on the roots of the legumes fix nitrogen in the soil
Dwarf mistletoes are flowering plants that grow on certain forest trees. They obtain nutrients and water from the vascular tissues of the trees. The trees derive no known benefits from the dwarf mistletoes. What symbiotic relationship describes this?
Parasitism
When construction is done on a housing site, what factors affect the population density of the rats living there?
Decreased space and food
What are the two types of population growth?
Exponential and logistic
According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. Their survival is due to the…
Possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness
In a fox population, the allele frequency of a gene for red fur changes from 20% to 30%. What can you say about that population of foxes?
The population is evolving
What are the two types of sexual selection?
Intersexual selection- female chooses showy male
Intrasexual selection- males compete for female mates
If the original finches that had been blown over to the Galapagos from South America had already been genetically different from the parental population of South America finches, even before adapting to the Galapagos, this would have been an example of
Genetic drift and founder’s effect
Homologous features show that the two animals had
A common ancestor
If an atom contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons, its atomic number is
11
Changing the number of ____ would change it into an atom of a different element.
Protons in an atom
The chemical properties of an atom are primarily determined by the number of
Protons it has in its nucleus
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
If two molecules of the general type shown (carbohydrate) were linked together, the single molecule that would result would be
Sucrose
Starch and cellulose are both polymers made of
Glucose
What food is a major source of Vitamin D?
Milk, yoghurt, cheese
Which of the following is not a polymer? Cellulose DNA Starch Glucose
Glucose
Starch and cellulose are made of glucose, DNA is made of nucleic acids
When the enzyme and substrate are joined in a reaction, the overall structure is called…
The E-S Complex
Proteins contain the elements:
C, H, O, N
Nucleic acids contain the elements:
C, H, O, N, P
Lipids and carbohydrates contain the elements:
C, H, O
The building block for carbohydrates is:
Monosaccharide (such as glucose)
The building block for lipids is:
No known building block
The building block for proteins is:
Amino acids
The building block for nucleic acids is:
Nucleotide
The presence of a small amount of cholesterol in the plasma membrane of some animals…
Enables the membrane to stay fluid more easily
According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement about membrane phospholipids?
They frequently flip flop from one side of the membrane to the other.
They have hydrophilic tails in the interior of the membrane.
They occur in an uninterrupted bilayer with membrane proteins restricted to the surface of the membrane.
They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane; they are amphipathic.
They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane; they are amphipathic.
Which of the following membrane activities require energy from ATP hydrolysis? Movement of glucose molecules Movement of water into a cell Facilitated diffusion NA+ ions moving out of the cell
NA+ ions moving out of the cell
Under which of the following conditions would you expect to find a cell with many ribosomes?
A cell that is secreting proteins
A cell that is digesting food particles
A cell that is constructing its cell wall or extra cellular matrix
A cell that is producing enzymes
A cell that is producing enzymes
Which of the following would likely move through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly? An amino acid Starch K+ Glucose CO2
CO2
A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from
A plant or animal cell
Which of the following is a major cause of size limits for certain cell types?
The need for a larger surface area to volume ratio that is sufficient to allow a cell’s function.
The need for a small surface area to volume ratio that is sufficient to allow the cell’s function.
The need for a larger surface area to volume ratio that is sufficient to allow a cell’s function.
Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large and complex lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition?
The lysosome
White blood cells engulf bacteria through what process?
Phagocytosis
Animal cells like to be in ______ solutions while plant cells like to be in _______ solutions.
Isotonic; hypotonic
How do unsaturated fatty acids keep a membrane more fluid?
The double bonds form kinks in the fatty acid tails forcing adjacent lipids to be further apart.
A moth following the trail of airborne chemicals called pheromones is an example of…
Response to stimuli
During a controlled experiment, a scientist isolates and tests…
A single variable
Phyll
Leaf
Milli
One thousand
Sunflower follows sunlight while growing
Evolve
Give an example of Mullerian mimicry
Two species of unpalatable butterflies with the same wing patterns
What are the two types of limiting factors?
Density dependent and density independent
What is the formula for population density?
Number of individuals divided by the area
What is a diagram that shows the number of surviving members over time from a measured set of births?
Survivorship curve
Study of evolutionary relationships
Phylogeny
Organisms with a vertebrae
Chordata
Controlled by two or more traits; produces many possible outcomes
Polygenic traits
