Biology Lesson 9: Genetics, Part 2

Question 1

Structural genes:

Answer 1

responsible for coding outward appearance and inward components of a person’s cells

Question 2

Regulatory genes:

Answer 2

code for the proteins which turn genes on and off

Question 3

Mutations:

Answer 3

errors in the genetic code

Question 4

Translocation:

Answer 4

occurs when broken peices of chromosome attach to the wrong chromosome

Question 5

Deletion:

Answer 5

occurs when a segment of a chromosome breaks off and is lost

Question 6

Inversion:

Answer 6

occurs when a segment breaks off and reattaches in the correct place, but inverted- upside down

Question 7

There can be errors in the genes called

Answer 7

point mutations, these occur when one or more nucleotide in the sequence

Question 8

Substitution:

Answer 8

occurs when a nucleotide is removed and replaced with a different nucleotide

Question 9

Addition:

Answer 9

occurs when an extra nucleotide is placed in the sequence causing a frame shift, when all the nucleotides in the DNA are shifted down by one.

Question 10

Deletion:

Answer 10

occurs when a nucleotide is removed from the DNA causing a frames shift

Question 11

There can be aneuploidy mutations:

Answer 11

the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes

Question 12

2 types of aneuploidy mutations

Answer 12

Trisomy, Monosomy

Question 13

Trisomy

Answer 13

instead of a homologous pair, there are three chromosomes

Question 14

Monosomy

Answer 14

instead of a homologous pair, there is just one chromosome

Question 15

Example of trisomy

Answer 15

Down syndrome

Question 16

Example of monosomy

Answer 16

turner’s syndrome

Question 17

Mutations

Answer 17

mutations can account for some of the change we see in a species over time

Question 18

Microevolution

Answer 18

small changes you see in species over time

Question 19

Macroevolution

Answer 19

massive changes take place over long periods of time, altering a species into something very different

Question 20

Eugenics

Answer 20

means good origins

Question 21

The goal of eugenics is to–

Answer 21

increase the types of people seen as desirable and decrease the populations of people who seen as undesirable

Question 22

Positive eugenics:

Answer 22

the belief that people with desirable qualities should be breed more to increase desirable traits in the population

Question 23

Negative eugenics:

Answer 23

the belief that people with undesirable qualities should be breed less or not at all to prevent those traits from being passed to the next generations

Question 24

Examples of eugenics

Answer 24

The Jewish Holocaust in nazi Germany
Sterilization laws in the U.S.
Modern genetics screen of unborn babies for birth “defects”

Question 25

Cloning:

Answer 25

genetic duplicates

Question 26

Genetic engineering:

Answer 26

when genes of an organism are changed through artificial means to alter organism's phenotype