Biology Lesson 9: Genetics, Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Structural genes:

A

responsible for coding outward appearance and inward components of a person’s cells

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2
Q

Regulatory genes:

A

code for the proteins which turn genes on and off

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3
Q

Mutations:

A

errors in the genetic code

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4
Q

Translocation:

A

occurs when broken peices of chromosome attach to the wrong chromosome

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5
Q

Deletion:

A

occurs when a segment of a chromosome breaks off and is lost

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6
Q

Inversion:

A

occurs when a segment breaks off and reattaches in the correct place, but inverted- upside down

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7
Q

There can be errors in the genes called

A

point mutations, these occur when one or more nucleotide in the sequence

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8
Q

Substitution:

A

occurs when a nucleotide is removed and replaced with a different nucleotide

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9
Q

Addition:

A

occurs when an extra nucleotide is placed in the sequence causing a frame shift, when all the nucleotides in the DNA are shifted down by one.

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10
Q

Deletion:

A

occurs when a nucleotide is removed from the DNA causing a frames shift

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11
Q

There can be aneuploidy mutations:

A

the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes

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12
Q

2 types of aneuploidy mutations

A

Trisomy, Monosomy

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13
Q

Trisomy

A

instead of a homologous pair, there are three chromosomes

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14
Q

Monosomy

A

instead of a homologous pair, there is just one chromosome

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15
Q

Example of trisomy

A

Down syndrome

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16
Q

Example of monosomy

A

turner’s syndrome

17
Q

Mutations

A

mutations can account for some of the change we see in a species over time

18
Q

Microevolution

A

small changes you see in species over time

19
Q

Macroevolution

A

massive changes take place over long periods of time, altering a species into something very different

20
Q

Eugenics

A

means good origins

21
Q

The goal of eugenics is to–

A

increase the types of people seen as desirable and decrease the populations of people who seen as undesirable

22
Q

Positive eugenics:

A

the belief that people with desirable qualities should be breed more to increase desirable traits in the population

23
Q

Negative eugenics:

A

the belief that people with undesirable qualities should be breed less or not at all to prevent those traits from being passed to the next generations

24
Q

Examples of eugenics

A

The Jewish Holocaust in nazi Germany
Sterilization laws in the U.S.
Modern genetics screen of unborn babies for birth “defects”

25
Q

Cloning:

A

genetic duplicates

26
Q

Genetic engineering:

A

when genes of an organism are changed through artificial means to alter organism’s phenotype