Biology Lesson 3: Cytology Flashcards
Cell
The smallest unit of life itself
The study of cells
Cell biology or cytology
Cell theory: 3 basic principals
A. all living things are composed of one or more cells, B. a cell is the basic unit of organization in all organisms, C. all cells came from existing cells
Modern cell theory: 3 more observations about cells
A. cells use and transfer energy, B. hereditary information is passed from cell to cell, C. all cells have the same basic chemical composition
Organization of cells in multicellular organisms
Tissue, organ, organ system
Two types of cells
Prokaryotic (single celled organisms), Eukaryotic (the type of cells in multicellular organisms)
Eukaryotic cells: three main parts
Plasma membrane, cytoplasm with organelles, nucleus
Plasma membrane, or cell membrane
The main job of the membrane: Maintaining homeostasis
Transportation of molecules into and out of the cell
Passive transport: no energy needed, Osmosis: similar to diffusion, but with the solvent diluting the solution, Active transport: using energy to make molecules from a lower and higher concentration
Cytoplasm with Organelles
Cytoplasm is the fluid that fills the space, of the cell called cytosol
Organelles: Little organs inside the cell which interact with each other and function to keep the cell running
Ribosomes
the smallest and most numerous organelles in the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum
smooth: has no ribosomes attached appears to have a smooth surface, responsible for making lipids
rough: has ribosomes attached to it, making it look bumpy
The Golgi apparatus
shipping center of the cell
Lysosomes
recycling center of the cell
Mitochondria
power plant of the cell
