Biology Lesson 6: Cellular Metabolism, Part 3 Flashcards
Cellular Metabolism
chemical reactions which include breaking food down for energy and then using that energy to build up the organism
Catabolic process
a series of pathways where molecules are brocken down into smaller bits and energy is released
Anabolism
when organisms make compounds needed by the cells
What is protein synthesis?
Protein synthesis is an anabolic process where cells combine amino acids in different ways to form proteins
What are the three parts of protein synthesis?
- DNA–DNA is made of nucleotide consisting of three smaller units
-a nitrogen base
-a simple sugar
-a phosphate group - Genome–the complete collection of a cells DNA genetic material
-gene: a segment of DNA that codes for a specific strand of RNA
Histones
DNA is wrapped around proteins called histones which package of DNA more compactly
Chromatin
the complex of DNA and histones called chromatin
Chromosomes
coils of DNA are bundled up into organized structures called chromosomes
organized into pairs and are referred to as homologous chromosomes
homologous chromosomes are similar in size, shape, and the genes they carry
The dogma of molecular Biology: the three step process of protein synthesis
DNA replication
RNA transcription
Protein translation
DNA replication
when cells devide, the DNA replicates so each cell can have a copy of DNA
RNA transcription
RNA: a nucleic acid like DNA, but has some notable differences
1. it’s a single stranded molecule
2. contains a different sugar than DNA
3. RNA has 4 bases like DNA: a denine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil instead of thymine that’s in DNA
Protein translation
mRNA from transcription is transferred out of the cell’s nucleus into the cytoplasm to one of the ribosomes which is the location of protein translation
