Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Lecture Exam 1 > Biology lecture exam #3 > Flashcards

Biology lecture exam #3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Metabolism

A

Chemical Reaction within cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Exergonic

A

RELEASE energy for work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Endergonic

A

REQUIRE energy for work
Uses rather than producing energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anabolism

A

constructing complex molecules from simpler ones.
etc. Protein synthesis (ATP)
Builds molecules by condensation reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Catabolism

A

Break down complex molecules into simple ones.
etc. Break down glucose
Breaks down molecules by hydrolysis reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the component parts of an ATP molecule?

A

the nitrogenous base, ADENINE; the sugar, RIBOSE; and a chain of THREE PHOSPHATE groups bounds to ribose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is energy stored in ATP?

A

Stored between the three bonds that make up ATP.
Specifically the bound of the 2nd and 3rd phosphate group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the relationship between ATP and exergonic and endergonic reactions?

A

When energy from ATP is released then that is a exergonic reaction but when ADP+Pi was creating ATP that is an endergonic reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does “LEO says GER” mean

A

Lose electron and oxidizes —– Gain electron and reduces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is NAD+ or NADP+?

A

act as key electron carriers in redox reactions within cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how do NAD+ or NADP+ play a role in redox?

A

accepting electrons from other molecules in their oxidized form (NAD+ or NADP+) and becoming reduced to NADH or NADPH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Activation energy

A

the minimum amount of energy that is required to activate atoms or molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Enzyme

A

proteins that help speed up metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Catalyst

A

a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Active site

A

the region of an enzyme where a molecule will bind to and undergo a chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Substrate

A

is a molecule acted upon by an enzyme.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cofactor

A

A nonprotein substance needed by an enzyme for normal activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Product

A

end substances after a biological process has occurred

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Allosteric site

A

a site that allows an inhibitor to change the shape of the enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Metabolic pathway

A

the process of turning what you eat into energy your body will uses
2 types: anabolic and catabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Feedback inhibition

A

a cellular control mechanism that limits the amount of products produced in enzymatic reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Reversible competitive inhibition

A

when an inhibitior attaches to the enzyme temporary not allowing the substrate to attach and stopping the reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Reversible non-competitive inhibition

A

what a inhibitor attaches to the allosteric site causing the enzyme to change shape

24
Q

Irreversible inhabitations

A

inhibitor that permanently block the action of an enzyme

24
Q

How do enzymes affect activation energy in catabolic and anabolic reactions?

A

significantly lowering it

25
Q

What does activation energy have to do with the inability of many reactions from occurring spontaneously?

A

It has to reach the minimum requirement to form a reaction

26
Q

What does shape have to do with enzyme function?

A

it determines which molecules can bind to it

27
Q

How does the enzyme active site relate to the substrate?

A

the shape and chemistry of the substrate are complementary to the shape and chemistry of the active site on the enzyme

28
Q

What role do cofactors play in enzyme activity?

A

Helps the binding of the substrate to the enzyme so it can work at its best

29
Q

How do enzymes affect activation energy in catabolic and anabolic reactions?

A

lower the activation energy required for both catabolic (breakdown) and anabolic (building up) reactions

30
Q

What does shape have to do with enzyme function?

A

Shape allows certain substrates to bind to the enzyme so it creates a chemical reaction the cell needs

31
Q

What is the overall formula for cellular aerobic respiration of glucose?

A

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water+ energy
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —-> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

32
Q

What is being oxidized in the formula?

A

loses electrons

33
Q

What is being reduced?

A

gaining a electron

34
Q

Glycolysis and Acetyl-CoA formation produces

A

Produced from each glucose molecule
2 NADH’s
2 ATP’s
2 CO2s

35
Q

Citric Acid Cycle produces

A

Produced fomr each glucose molecule
6 NADH’s
2 FADH’s
2 ATP’s
4 CO2’s

36
Q

Electron Transport & Chemiosmosis produces

A

Produced from each glucose molecule
32 ATP’s
lots of H2O

37
Q

How is the hydrogen ion concentration gradient related to ATP production

A

ATp synthesize needs 3 hydrogen ions to produce ATP but if the is no concentration gradient then the hydrogen ion stop attaching to the ATP syntheses transport

38
Q

What is the goal of the Light Reaction?

A

to CAPTURE light energy from the sun to convert into energy..

39
Q

Fermentation

A

anaerobic pathway that does not involve an electron transport chain

40
Q

Heterotroph

A

an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy

41
Q

Autotroph

A

organism that can create its own food using sunlight or chemical energy

42
Q

Aerobic respiration equation

A

Glucose + O2 —> CO2 + H2O+ energy (ATP)

43
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

CO2 + H2O + Light energy —> glucose + O2

44
Q

What is the goal of the Calvin Cycle?

A

to turn carbon dioxide from the air into sugar

45
Q

___ is being reduced to ___

A

ADP —> ATP

46
Q

___ is being oxidized to ___

A

NAD+ —> NADH

47
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

is respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen.

48
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

is a chemical process that uses oxygen to generate energy from carbohydrates and lipids

49
Q

Glycolysis

A

Is the process of turning glucose into pyruvate

50
Q

Formation of acetyl CoA

A

Pyruvate transport through active transport into mitochondria
in the mitochondria pyruvate is oxidized into acetyl CoA

51
Q

Critic acid cycle

A

Converts acytle CoA into NADH, CO2, FADH, and ATP in 8 different chemical in reactions

52
Q

What is RuBisCo?

A

An very important enzyme that converts CO2 gas into glucose which produces energy and food for autotrophs.

53
Q

Electron transport chain

A

series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP

54
Q

What is redox reaction

A

a chemical reaction where electrons are transferred between molecules.
Related to oxidation and reduction

55
Q

Four Stages of Aerobic Respiration

A

Glycolysis
Process of acytle CoA
Cirtrict acid cycle
Electron transport train

Biology Lecture Exam 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions